{
 "assumptions": {
  "calibration": "defaults",
  "calibration_points": 3,
  "context_tokens": 16384,
  "efficiency": 0.5,
  "efficiency_moe": 0.3,
  "fast_tokens_per_second": 10.0,
  "fit_comfort_share": 0.9,
  "os_reserved_gb": 4,
  "overhead_gb": 1.0,
  "partial_offload_penalty": 0.15,
  "range_high": 1.3,
  "range_low": 0.7,
  "unified_usable_share": 0.7,
  "usable_tokens_per_second": 5.0,
  "weights_overhead_share": 0.05
 },
 "credit": "Findra (https://findra.dev/)",
 "kind": "Estimated from specs unless a row says Measured",
 "laptops": [
  {
   "bandwidth_gbs": 100,
   "brand": "Apple",
   "category": "ultraportable",
   "chip": "Apple M2",
   "cpu": "8-core CPU",
   "gpu": "8-core GPU",
   "gpu_type": "unified",
   "id": "apple-macbook-air-13-2022-m2",
   "max_ram_gb": 24,
   "model": "MacBook Air 13-inch (2022, M2)",
   "name": "Apple MacBook Air 13-inch (2022, M2)",
   "notes": "Also offered with a 10-core GPU. Apple lists 100GB/s.",
   "options": [
    {
     "ram_gb": 8,
     "rows": [
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-2-3b",
       "needed_gb": 5,
       "speed": [
        18,
        32
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "qwen3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "gemma3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6.7
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "mistral-7b",
       "needed_gb": 7.8
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "llama-3-1-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.3
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "qwen3-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.9
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "gemma3-12b",
       "needed_gb": 15.9
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "deepseek-r1-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.7
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "phi4-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.9
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "qwen3-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.4
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "gpt-oss-20b",
       "needed_gb": 16.5
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "gemma3-27b",
       "needed_gb": 27.2
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "qwen3-30b",
       "needed_gb": 22.6
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "qwen3-32b",
       "needed_gb": 26.3
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "llama-3-1-70b",
       "needed_gb": 51.5
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "gpt-oss-120b",
       "needed_gb": 70.5
      }
     ],
     "usable_gb": 5.6
    },
    {
     "ram_gb": 16,
     "rows": [
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-2-3b",
       "needed_gb": 5,
       "speed": [
        18,
        32
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6,
       "speed": [
        14,
        26
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gemma3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6.7,
       "speed": [
        11,
        20
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Moderate or Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "mistral-7b",
       "needed_gb": 7.8,
       "speed": [
        8,
        15
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Moderate or Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-1-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.3,
       "speed": [
        7.1,
        13
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Moderate or Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.9,
       "speed": [
        6.7,
        12
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "gemma3-12b",
       "needed_gb": 15.9
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "deepseek-r1-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.7
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "phi4-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.9
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "qwen3-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.4
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "gpt-oss-20b",
       "needed_gb": 16.5
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "gemma3-27b",
       "needed_gb": 27.2
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "qwen3-30b",
       "needed_gb": 22.6
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "qwen3-32b",
       "needed_gb": 26.3
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "llama-3-1-70b",
       "needed_gb": 51.5
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "gpt-oss-120b",
       "needed_gb": 70.5
      }
     ],
     "usable_gb": 11.2
    },
    {
     "ram_gb": 24,
     "rows": [
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-2-3b",
       "needed_gb": 5,
       "speed": [
        18,
        32
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6,
       "speed": [
        14,
        26
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gemma3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6.7,
       "speed": [
        11,
        20
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Moderate or Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "mistral-7b",
       "needed_gb": 7.8,
       "speed": [
        8,
        15
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Moderate or Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-1-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.3,
       "speed": [
        7.1,
        13
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Moderate or Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.9,
       "speed": [
        6.7,
        12
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Slow or Moderate",
       "fit": "Tight",
       "model": "gemma3-12b",
       "needed_gb": 15.9,
       "speed": [
        4.3,
        8
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Slow or Moderate",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "deepseek-r1-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.7,
       "speed": [
        3.9,
        7.2
       ],
       "thinking": "yes"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Slow or Moderate",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "phi4-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.9,
       "speed": [
        3.8,
        7.1
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Slow or Moderate",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.4,
       "speed": [
        3.8,
        7
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Moderate or Fast",
       "fit": "Tight",
       "model": "gpt-oss-20b",
       "needed_gb": 16.5,
       "speed": [
        8.7,
        16
       ],
       "thinking": "yes"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "gemma3-27b",
       "needed_gb": 27.2
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "qwen3-30b",
       "needed_gb": 22.6
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "qwen3-32b",
       "needed_gb": 26.3
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "llama-3-1-70b",
       "needed_gb": 51.5
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "gpt-oss-120b",
       "needed_gb": 70.5
      }
     ],
     "usable_gb": 16.8
    }
   ],
   "os": "macOS",
   "ram_type": "unified memory",
   "source_urls": [
    "https://support.apple.com/en-us/111867"
   ],
   "url": "/finder/apple-macbook-air-13-2022-m2/",
   "vram_gb": null,
   "year": 2022
  },
  {
   "bandwidth_gbs": 120,
   "brand": "Apple",
   "category": "ultraportable",
   "chip": "Apple M4",
   "cpu": "10-core CPU (4 performance, 6 efficiency)",
   "gpu": "8-core or 10-core GPU",
   "gpu_type": "unified",
   "id": "apple-macbook-air-13-2025-m4",
   "max_ram_gb": 32,
   "model": "MacBook Air 13-inch (2025, M4)",
   "name": "Apple MacBook Air 13-inch (2025, M4)",
   "notes": "Apple lists 120GB/s.",
   "options": [
    {
     "ram_gb": 16,
     "rows": [
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-2-3b",
       "needed_gb": 5,
       "speed": [
        21,
        39
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6,
       "speed": [
        17,
        31
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gemma3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6.7,
       "speed": [
        13,
        24
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Moderate or Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "mistral-7b",
       "needed_gb": 7.8,
       "speed": [
        9.5,
        18
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Moderate or Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-1-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.3,
       "speed": [
        8.6,
        16
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Moderate or Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.9,
       "speed": [
        8.1,
        15
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "gemma3-12b",
       "needed_gb": 15.9
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "deepseek-r1-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.7
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "phi4-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.9
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "qwen3-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.4
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "gpt-oss-20b",
       "needed_gb": 16.5
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "gemma3-27b",
       "needed_gb": 27.2
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "qwen3-30b",
       "needed_gb": 22.6
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "qwen3-32b",
       "needed_gb": 26.3
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "llama-3-1-70b",
       "needed_gb": 51.5
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "gpt-oss-120b",
       "needed_gb": 70.5
      }
     ],
     "usable_gb": 11.2
    },
    {
     "ram_gb": 24,
     "rows": [
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-2-3b",
       "needed_gb": 5,
       "speed": [
        21,
        39
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6,
       "speed": [
        17,
        31
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gemma3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6.7,
       "speed": [
        13,
        24
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Moderate or Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "mistral-7b",
       "needed_gb": 7.8,
       "speed": [
        9.5,
        18
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Moderate or Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-1-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.3,
       "speed": [
        8.6,
        16
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Moderate or Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.9,
       "speed": [
        8.1,
        15
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Moderate",
       "fit": "Tight",
       "model": "gemma3-12b",
       "needed_gb": 15.9,
       "speed": [
        5.2,
        9.6
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Slow or Moderate",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "deepseek-r1-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.7,
       "speed": [
        4.7,
        8.7
       ],
       "thinking": "yes"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Slow or Moderate",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "phi4-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.9,
       "speed": [
        4.6,
        8.6
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Slow or Moderate",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.4,
       "speed": [
        4.5,
        8.4
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Tight",
       "model": "gpt-oss-20b",
       "needed_gb": 16.5,
       "speed": [
        10,
        19
       ],
       "thinking": "yes"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "gemma3-27b",
       "needed_gb": 27.2
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "qwen3-30b",
       "needed_gb": 22.6
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "qwen3-32b",
       "needed_gb": 26.3
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "llama-3-1-70b",
       "needed_gb": 51.5
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "gpt-oss-120b",
       "needed_gb": 70.5
      }
     ],
     "usable_gb": 16.8
    },
    {
     "ram_gb": 32,
     "rows": [
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-2-3b",
       "needed_gb": 5,
       "speed": [
        21,
        39
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6,
       "speed": [
        17,
        31
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gemma3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6.7,
       "speed": [
        13,
        24
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Moderate or Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "mistral-7b",
       "needed_gb": 7.8,
       "speed": [
        9.5,
        18
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Moderate or Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-1-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.3,
       "speed": [
        8.6,
        16
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Moderate or Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.9,
       "speed": [
        8.1,
        15
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Moderate",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gemma3-12b",
       "needed_gb": 15.9,
       "speed": [
        5.2,
        9.6
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Slow or Moderate",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "deepseek-r1-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.7,
       "speed": [
        4.7,
        8.7
       ],
       "thinking": "yes"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Slow or Moderate",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "phi4-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.9,
       "speed": [
        4.6,
        8.6
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Slow or Moderate",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.4,
       "speed": [
        4.5,
        8.4
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gpt-oss-20b",
       "needed_gb": 16.5,
       "speed": [
        10,
        19
       ],
       "thinking": "yes"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "gemma3-27b",
       "needed_gb": 27.2
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "qwen3-30b",
       "needed_gb": 22.6
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "qwen3-32b",
       "needed_gb": 26.3
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "llama-3-1-70b",
       "needed_gb": 51.5
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "gpt-oss-120b",
       "needed_gb": 70.5
      }
     ],
     "usable_gb": 22.4
    }
   ],
   "os": "macOS",
   "ram_type": "unified memory",
   "source_urls": [
    "https://support.apple.com/en-us/122209"
   ],
   "url": "/finder/apple-macbook-air-13-2025-m4/",
   "vram_gb": null,
   "year": 2025
  },
  {
   "bandwidth_gbs": 153,
   "brand": "Apple",
   "category": "ultraportable",
   "chip": "Apple M5",
   "cpu": "10-core CPU (4 super, 6 efficiency)",
   "gpu": "8-core or 10-core GPU",
   "gpu_type": "unified",
   "id": "apple-macbook-air-13-2026-m5",
   "max_ram_gb": 32,
   "model": "MacBook Air 13-inch (2026, M5)",
   "name": "Apple MacBook Air 13-inch (2026, M5)",
   "notes": "Apple lists 153GB/s.",
   "options": [
    {
     "ram_gb": 16,
     "rows": [
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-2-3b",
       "needed_gb": 5,
       "speed": [
        27,
        50
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6,
       "speed": [
        21,
        40
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gemma3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6.7,
       "speed": [
        16,
        30
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "mistral-7b",
       "needed_gb": 7.8,
       "speed": [
        12,
        23
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-1-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.3,
       "speed": [
        11,
        20
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.9,
       "speed": [
        10,
        19
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "gemma3-12b",
       "needed_gb": 15.9
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "deepseek-r1-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.7
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "phi4-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.9
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "qwen3-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.4
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "gpt-oss-20b",
       "needed_gb": 16.5
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "gemma3-27b",
       "needed_gb": 27.2
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "qwen3-30b",
       "needed_gb": 22.6
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "qwen3-32b",
       "needed_gb": 26.3
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "llama-3-1-70b",
       "needed_gb": 51.5
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "gpt-oss-120b",
       "needed_gb": 70.5
      }
     ],
     "usable_gb": 11.2
    },
    {
     "ram_gb": 24,
     "rows": [
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-2-3b",
       "needed_gb": 5,
       "speed": [
        27,
        50
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6,
       "speed": [
        21,
        40
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gemma3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6.7,
       "speed": [
        16,
        30
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "mistral-7b",
       "needed_gb": 7.8,
       "speed": [
        12,
        23
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-1-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.3,
       "speed": [
        11,
        20
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.9,
       "speed": [
        10,
        19
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Moderate or Fast",
       "fit": "Tight",
       "model": "gemma3-12b",
       "needed_gb": 15.9,
       "speed": [
        6.6,
        12
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Moderate or Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "deepseek-r1-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.7,
       "speed": [
        5.9,
        11
       ],
       "thinking": "yes"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Moderate or Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "phi4-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.9,
       "speed": [
        5.9,
        11
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Moderate or Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.4,
       "speed": [
        5.8,
        11
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Tight",
       "model": "gpt-oss-20b",
       "needed_gb": 16.5,
       "speed": [
        13,
        25
       ],
       "thinking": "yes"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "gemma3-27b",
       "needed_gb": 27.2
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "qwen3-30b",
       "needed_gb": 22.6
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "qwen3-32b",
       "needed_gb": 26.3
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "llama-3-1-70b",
       "needed_gb": 51.5
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "gpt-oss-120b",
       "needed_gb": 70.5
      }
     ],
     "usable_gb": 16.8
    },
    {
     "ram_gb": 32,
     "rows": [
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-2-3b",
       "needed_gb": 5,
       "speed": [
        27,
        50
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6,
       "speed": [
        21,
        40
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gemma3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6.7,
       "speed": [
        16,
        30
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "mistral-7b",
       "needed_gb": 7.8,
       "speed": [
        12,
        23
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-1-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.3,
       "speed": [
        11,
        20
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.9,
       "speed": [
        10,
        19
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Moderate or Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gemma3-12b",
       "needed_gb": 15.9,
       "speed": [
        6.6,
        12
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Moderate or Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "deepseek-r1-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.7,
       "speed": [
        5.9,
        11
       ],
       "thinking": "yes"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Moderate or Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "phi4-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.9,
       "speed": [
        5.9,
        11
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Moderate or Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.4,
       "speed": [
        5.8,
        11
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gpt-oss-20b",
       "needed_gb": 16.5,
       "speed": [
        13,
        25
       ],
       "thinking": "yes"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "gemma3-27b",
       "needed_gb": 27.2
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "qwen3-30b",
       "needed_gb": 22.6
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "qwen3-32b",
       "needed_gb": 26.3
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "llama-3-1-70b",
       "needed_gb": 51.5
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "gpt-oss-120b",
       "needed_gb": 70.5
      }
     ],
     "usable_gb": 22.4
    }
   ],
   "os": "macOS",
   "ram_type": "unified memory",
   "source_urls": [
    "https://support.apple.com/en-us/126320",
    "https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2026/03/apple-introduces-the-new-macbook-air-with-m5/"
   ],
   "url": "/finder/apple-macbook-air-13-2026-m5/",
   "vram_gb": null,
   "year": 2026
  },
  {
   "bandwidth_gbs": 153,
   "brand": "Apple",
   "category": "ultraportable",
   "chip": "Apple M5",
   "cpu": "10-core CPU (4 super, 6 efficiency)",
   "gpu": "10-core GPU",
   "gpu_type": "unified",
   "id": "apple-macbook-air-15-2026-m5",
   "max_ram_gb": 32,
   "model": "MacBook Air 15-inch (2026, M5)",
   "name": "Apple MacBook Air 15-inch (2026, M5)",
   "notes": "Apple lists 153GB/s.",
   "options": [
    {
     "ram_gb": 16,
     "rows": [
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-2-3b",
       "needed_gb": 5,
       "speed": [
        27,
        50
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6,
       "speed": [
        21,
        40
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gemma3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6.7,
       "speed": [
        16,
        30
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "mistral-7b",
       "needed_gb": 7.8,
       "speed": [
        12,
        23
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-1-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.3,
       "speed": [
        11,
        20
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.9,
       "speed": [
        10,
        19
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "gemma3-12b",
       "needed_gb": 15.9
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "deepseek-r1-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.7
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "phi4-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.9
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "qwen3-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.4
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "gpt-oss-20b",
       "needed_gb": 16.5
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "gemma3-27b",
       "needed_gb": 27.2
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "qwen3-30b",
       "needed_gb": 22.6
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "qwen3-32b",
       "needed_gb": 26.3
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "llama-3-1-70b",
       "needed_gb": 51.5
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "gpt-oss-120b",
       "needed_gb": 70.5
      }
     ],
     "usable_gb": 11.2
    },
    {
     "ram_gb": 24,
     "rows": [
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-2-3b",
       "needed_gb": 5,
       "speed": [
        27,
        50
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6,
       "speed": [
        21,
        40
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gemma3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6.7,
       "speed": [
        16,
        30
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "mistral-7b",
       "needed_gb": 7.8,
       "speed": [
        12,
        23
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-1-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.3,
       "speed": [
        11,
        20
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.9,
       "speed": [
        10,
        19
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Moderate or Fast",
       "fit": "Tight",
       "model": "gemma3-12b",
       "needed_gb": 15.9,
       "speed": [
        6.6,
        12
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Moderate or Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "deepseek-r1-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.7,
       "speed": [
        5.9,
        11
       ],
       "thinking": "yes"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Moderate or Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "phi4-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.9,
       "speed": [
        5.9,
        11
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Moderate or Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.4,
       "speed": [
        5.8,
        11
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Tight",
       "model": "gpt-oss-20b",
       "needed_gb": 16.5,
       "speed": [
        13,
        25
       ],
       "thinking": "yes"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "gemma3-27b",
       "needed_gb": 27.2
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "qwen3-30b",
       "needed_gb": 22.6
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "qwen3-32b",
       "needed_gb": 26.3
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "llama-3-1-70b",
       "needed_gb": 51.5
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "gpt-oss-120b",
       "needed_gb": 70.5
      }
     ],
     "usable_gb": 16.8
    },
    {
     "ram_gb": 32,
     "rows": [
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-2-3b",
       "needed_gb": 5,
       "speed": [
        27,
        50
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6,
       "speed": [
        21,
        40
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gemma3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6.7,
       "speed": [
        16,
        30
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "mistral-7b",
       "needed_gb": 7.8,
       "speed": [
        12,
        23
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-1-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.3,
       "speed": [
        11,
        20
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.9,
       "speed": [
        10,
        19
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Moderate or Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gemma3-12b",
       "needed_gb": 15.9,
       "speed": [
        6.6,
        12
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Moderate or Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "deepseek-r1-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.7,
       "speed": [
        5.9,
        11
       ],
       "thinking": "yes"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Moderate or Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "phi4-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.9,
       "speed": [
        5.9,
        11
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Moderate or Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.4,
       "speed": [
        5.8,
        11
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gpt-oss-20b",
       "needed_gb": 16.5,
       "speed": [
        13,
        25
       ],
       "thinking": "yes"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "gemma3-27b",
       "needed_gb": 27.2
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "qwen3-30b",
       "needed_gb": 22.6
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "qwen3-32b",
       "needed_gb": 26.3
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "llama-3-1-70b",
       "needed_gb": 51.5
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "gpt-oss-120b",
       "needed_gb": 70.5
      }
     ],
     "usable_gb": 22.4
    }
   ],
   "os": "macOS",
   "ram_type": "unified memory",
   "source_urls": [
    "https://support.apple.com/en-us/126321"
   ],
   "url": "/finder/apple-macbook-air-15-2026-m5/",
   "vram_gb": null,
   "year": 2026
  },
  {
   "bandwidth_gbs": 410,
   "brand": "Apple",
   "category": "macbook",
   "chip": "Apple M4 Max",
   "cpu": "14-core CPU (10 performance, 4 efficiency)",
   "gpu": "32-core GPU",
   "gpu_type": "unified",
   "id": "apple-macbook-pro-14-2024-m4-max-14cpu-32gpu",
   "max_ram_gb": 36,
   "model": "MacBook Pro 14-inch (2024, M4 Max 14-core CPU, 32-core GPU)",
   "name": "Apple MacBook Pro 14-inch (2024, M4 Max 14-core CPU, 32-core GPU)",
   "notes": "Apple lists 410GB/s for this variant. Larger memory sizes belong to the 16-core CPU variant.",
   "options": [
    {
     "ram_gb": 36,
     "rows": [
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-2-3b",
       "needed_gb": 5,
       "speed": [
        72,
        133
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6,
       "speed": [
        57,
        107
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gemma3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6.7,
       "speed": [
        43,
        81
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "mistral-7b",
       "needed_gb": 7.8,
       "speed": [
        33,
        61
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-1-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.3,
       "speed": [
        29,
        54
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.9,
       "speed": [
        28,
        51
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gemma3-12b",
       "needed_gb": 15.9,
       "speed": [
        18,
        33
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "deepseek-r1-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.7,
       "speed": [
        16,
        30
       ],
       "thinking": "yes"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "phi4-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.9,
       "speed": [
        16,
        29
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.4,
       "speed": [
        15,
        29
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gpt-oss-20b",
       "needed_gb": 16.5,
       "speed": [
        36,
        66
       ],
       "thinking": "yes"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "gemma3-27b",
       "needed_gb": 27.2
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-30b",
       "needed_gb": 22.6,
       "speed": [
        42,
        78
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "qwen3-32b",
       "needed_gb": 26.3
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "llama-3-1-70b",
       "needed_gb": 51.5
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "gpt-oss-120b",
       "needed_gb": 70.5
      }
     ],
     "usable_gb": 25.2
    }
   ],
   "os": "macOS",
   "ram_type": "unified memory",
   "source_urls": [
    "https://support.apple.com/en-us/121553"
   ],
   "url": "/finder/apple-macbook-pro-14-2024-m4-max-14cpu-32gpu/",
   "vram_gb": null,
   "year": 2024
  },
  {
   "bandwidth_gbs": 273,
   "brand": "Apple",
   "category": "macbook",
   "chip": "Apple M4 Pro",
   "cpu": "12-core or 14-core CPU",
   "gpu": "16-core or 20-core GPU",
   "gpu_type": "unified",
   "id": "apple-macbook-pro-14-2024-m4-pro",
   "max_ram_gb": 64,
   "model": "MacBook Pro 14-inch (2024, M4 Pro)",
   "name": "Apple MacBook Pro 14-inch (2024, M4 Pro)",
   "notes": "Apple lists 273GB/s.",
   "options": [
    {
     "ram_gb": 24,
     "rows": [
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-2-3b",
       "needed_gb": 5,
       "speed": [
        48,
        89
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6,
       "speed": [
        38,
        71
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gemma3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6.7,
       "speed": [
        29,
        54
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "mistral-7b",
       "needed_gb": 7.8,
       "speed": [
        22,
        40
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-1-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.3,
       "speed": [
        19,
        36
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.9,
       "speed": [
        18,
        34
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Tight",
       "model": "gemma3-12b",
       "needed_gb": 15.9,
       "speed": [
        12,
        22
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "deepseek-r1-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.7,
       "speed": [
        11,
        20
       ],
       "thinking": "yes"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "phi4-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.9,
       "speed": [
        10,
        20
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.4,
       "speed": [
        10,
        19
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Tight",
       "model": "gpt-oss-20b",
       "needed_gb": 16.5,
       "speed": [
        24,
        44
       ],
       "thinking": "yes"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "gemma3-27b",
       "needed_gb": 27.2
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "qwen3-30b",
       "needed_gb": 22.6
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "qwen3-32b",
       "needed_gb": 26.3
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "llama-3-1-70b",
       "needed_gb": 51.5
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "gpt-oss-120b",
       "needed_gb": 70.5
      }
     ],
     "usable_gb": 16.8
    },
    {
     "ram_gb": 48,
     "rows": [
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-2-3b",
       "needed_gb": 5,
       "speed": [
        48,
        89
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6,
       "speed": [
        38,
        71
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gemma3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6.7,
       "speed": [
        29,
        54
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "mistral-7b",
       "needed_gb": 7.8,
       "speed": [
        22,
        40
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-1-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.3,
       "speed": [
        19,
        36
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.9,
       "speed": [
        18,
        34
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gemma3-12b",
       "needed_gb": 15.9,
       "speed": [
        12,
        22
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "deepseek-r1-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.7,
       "speed": [
        11,
        20
       ],
       "thinking": "yes"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "phi4-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.9,
       "speed": [
        10,
        20
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.4,
       "speed": [
        10,
        19
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gpt-oss-20b",
       "needed_gb": 16.5,
       "speed": [
        24,
        44
       ],
       "thinking": "yes"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Moderate or Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gemma3-27b",
       "needed_gb": 27.2,
       "speed": [
        5.6,
        10
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-30b",
       "needed_gb": 22.6,
       "speed": [
        28,
        52
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Slow or Moderate",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-32b",
       "needed_gb": 26.3,
       "speed": [
        4.8,
        8.9
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "llama-3-1-70b",
       "needed_gb": 51.5
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "gpt-oss-120b",
       "needed_gb": 70.5
      }
     ],
     "usable_gb": 33.6
    },
    {
     "ram_gb": 64,
     "rows": [
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-2-3b",
       "needed_gb": 5,
       "speed": [
        48,
        89
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6,
       "speed": [
        38,
        71
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gemma3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6.7,
       "speed": [
        29,
        54
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "mistral-7b",
       "needed_gb": 7.8,
       "speed": [
        22,
        40
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-1-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.3,
       "speed": [
        19,
        36
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.9,
       "speed": [
        18,
        34
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gemma3-12b",
       "needed_gb": 15.9,
       "speed": [
        12,
        22
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "deepseek-r1-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.7,
       "speed": [
        11,
        20
       ],
       "thinking": "yes"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "phi4-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.9,
       "speed": [
        10,
        20
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.4,
       "speed": [
        10,
        19
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gpt-oss-20b",
       "needed_gb": 16.5,
       "speed": [
        24,
        44
       ],
       "thinking": "yes"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Moderate or Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gemma3-27b",
       "needed_gb": 27.2,
       "speed": [
        5.6,
        10
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-30b",
       "needed_gb": 22.6,
       "speed": [
        28,
        52
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Slow or Moderate",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-32b",
       "needed_gb": 26.3,
       "speed": [
        4.8,
        8.9
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "llama-3-1-70b",
       "needed_gb": 51.5
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "gpt-oss-120b",
       "needed_gb": 70.5
      }
     ],
     "usable_gb": 44.8
    }
   ],
   "os": "macOS",
   "ram_type": "unified memory",
   "source_urls": [
    "https://support.apple.com/en-us/121553",
    "https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2024/10/apple-introduces-m4-pro-and-m4-max/"
   ],
   "url": "/finder/apple-macbook-pro-14-2024-m4-pro/",
   "vram_gb": null,
   "year": 2024
  },
  {
   "bandwidth_gbs": 120,
   "brand": "Apple",
   "category": "macbook",
   "chip": "Apple M4",
   "cpu": "10-core CPU (4 performance, 6 efficiency)",
   "gpu": "10-core GPU",
   "gpu_type": "unified",
   "id": "apple-macbook-pro-14-2024-m4",
   "max_ram_gb": 32,
   "model": "MacBook Pro 14-inch (2024, M4)",
   "name": "Apple MacBook Pro 14-inch (2024, M4)",
   "notes": "Apple lists 120GB/s.",
   "options": [
    {
     "ram_gb": 16,
     "rows": [
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-2-3b",
       "needed_gb": 5,
       "speed": [
        21,
        39
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6,
       "speed": [
        17,
        31
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gemma3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6.7,
       "speed": [
        13,
        24
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Moderate or Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "mistral-7b",
       "needed_gb": 7.8,
       "speed": [
        9.5,
        18
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Moderate or Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-1-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.3,
       "speed": [
        8.6,
        16
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Moderate or Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.9,
       "speed": [
        8.1,
        15
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "gemma3-12b",
       "needed_gb": 15.9
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "deepseek-r1-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.7
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "phi4-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.9
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "qwen3-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.4
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "gpt-oss-20b",
       "needed_gb": 16.5
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "gemma3-27b",
       "needed_gb": 27.2
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "qwen3-30b",
       "needed_gb": 22.6
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "qwen3-32b",
       "needed_gb": 26.3
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "llama-3-1-70b",
       "needed_gb": 51.5
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "gpt-oss-120b",
       "needed_gb": 70.5
      }
     ],
     "usable_gb": 11.2
    },
    {
     "ram_gb": 24,
     "rows": [
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-2-3b",
       "needed_gb": 5,
       "speed": [
        21,
        39
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6,
       "speed": [
        17,
        31
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gemma3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6.7,
       "speed": [
        13,
        24
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Moderate or Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "mistral-7b",
       "needed_gb": 7.8,
       "speed": [
        9.5,
        18
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Moderate or Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-1-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.3,
       "speed": [
        8.6,
        16
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Moderate or Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.9,
       "speed": [
        8.1,
        15
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Moderate",
       "fit": "Tight",
       "model": "gemma3-12b",
       "needed_gb": 15.9,
       "speed": [
        5.2,
        9.6
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Slow or Moderate",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "deepseek-r1-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.7,
       "speed": [
        4.7,
        8.7
       ],
       "thinking": "yes"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Slow or Moderate",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "phi4-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.9,
       "speed": [
        4.6,
        8.6
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Slow or Moderate",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.4,
       "speed": [
        4.5,
        8.4
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Tight",
       "model": "gpt-oss-20b",
       "needed_gb": 16.5,
       "speed": [
        10,
        19
       ],
       "thinking": "yes"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "gemma3-27b",
       "needed_gb": 27.2
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "qwen3-30b",
       "needed_gb": 22.6
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "qwen3-32b",
       "needed_gb": 26.3
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "llama-3-1-70b",
       "needed_gb": 51.5
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "gpt-oss-120b",
       "needed_gb": 70.5
      }
     ],
     "usable_gb": 16.8
    },
    {
     "ram_gb": 32,
     "rows": [
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-2-3b",
       "needed_gb": 5,
       "speed": [
        21,
        39
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6,
       "speed": [
        17,
        31
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gemma3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6.7,
       "speed": [
        13,
        24
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Moderate or Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "mistral-7b",
       "needed_gb": 7.8,
       "speed": [
        9.5,
        18
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Moderate or Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-1-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.3,
       "speed": [
        8.6,
        16
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Moderate or Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.9,
       "speed": [
        8.1,
        15
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Moderate",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gemma3-12b",
       "needed_gb": 15.9,
       "speed": [
        5.2,
        9.6
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Slow or Moderate",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "deepseek-r1-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.7,
       "speed": [
        4.7,
        8.7
       ],
       "thinking": "yes"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Slow or Moderate",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "phi4-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.9,
       "speed": [
        4.6,
        8.6
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Slow or Moderate",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.4,
       "speed": [
        4.5,
        8.4
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gpt-oss-20b",
       "needed_gb": 16.5,
       "speed": [
        10,
        19
       ],
       "thinking": "yes"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "gemma3-27b",
       "needed_gb": 27.2
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "qwen3-30b",
       "needed_gb": 22.6
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "qwen3-32b",
       "needed_gb": 26.3
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "llama-3-1-70b",
       "needed_gb": 51.5
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "gpt-oss-120b",
       "needed_gb": 70.5
      }
     ],
     "usable_gb": 22.4
    }
   ],
   "os": "macOS",
   "ram_type": "unified memory",
   "source_urls": [
    "https://support.apple.com/en-us/121552"
   ],
   "url": "/finder/apple-macbook-pro-14-2024-m4/",
   "vram_gb": null,
   "year": 2024
  },
  {
   "bandwidth_gbs": 153,
   "brand": "Apple",
   "category": "macbook",
   "chip": "Apple M5",
   "cpu": "10-core CPU (4 super, 6 efficiency)",
   "gpu": "10-core GPU",
   "gpu_type": "unified",
   "id": "apple-macbook-pro-14-2025-m5",
   "max_ram_gb": 32,
   "model": "MacBook Pro 14-inch (2025, M5)",
   "name": "Apple MacBook Pro 14-inch (2025, M5)",
   "notes": "Apple lists 153GB/s.",
   "options": [
    {
     "ram_gb": 16,
     "rows": [
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-2-3b",
       "needed_gb": 5,
       "speed": [
        27,
        50
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6,
       "speed": [
        21,
        40
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gemma3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6.7,
       "speed": [
        16,
        30
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "mistral-7b",
       "needed_gb": 7.8,
       "speed": [
        12,
        23
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-1-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.3,
       "speed": [
        11,
        20
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.9,
       "speed": [
        10,
        19
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "gemma3-12b",
       "needed_gb": 15.9
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "deepseek-r1-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.7
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "phi4-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.9
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "qwen3-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.4
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "gpt-oss-20b",
       "needed_gb": 16.5
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "gemma3-27b",
       "needed_gb": 27.2
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "qwen3-30b",
       "needed_gb": 22.6
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "qwen3-32b",
       "needed_gb": 26.3
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "llama-3-1-70b",
       "needed_gb": 51.5
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "gpt-oss-120b",
       "needed_gb": 70.5
      }
     ],
     "usable_gb": 11.2
    },
    {
     "ram_gb": 24,
     "rows": [
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-2-3b",
       "needed_gb": 5,
       "speed": [
        27,
        50
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6,
       "speed": [
        21,
        40
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gemma3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6.7,
       "speed": [
        16,
        30
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "mistral-7b",
       "needed_gb": 7.8,
       "speed": [
        12,
        23
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-1-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.3,
       "speed": [
        11,
        20
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.9,
       "speed": [
        10,
        19
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Moderate or Fast",
       "fit": "Tight",
       "model": "gemma3-12b",
       "needed_gb": 15.9,
       "speed": [
        6.6,
        12
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Moderate or Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "deepseek-r1-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.7,
       "speed": [
        5.9,
        11
       ],
       "thinking": "yes"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Moderate or Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "phi4-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.9,
       "speed": [
        5.9,
        11
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Moderate or Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.4,
       "speed": [
        5.8,
        11
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Tight",
       "model": "gpt-oss-20b",
       "needed_gb": 16.5,
       "speed": [
        13,
        25
       ],
       "thinking": "yes"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "gemma3-27b",
       "needed_gb": 27.2
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "qwen3-30b",
       "needed_gb": 22.6
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "qwen3-32b",
       "needed_gb": 26.3
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "llama-3-1-70b",
       "needed_gb": 51.5
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "gpt-oss-120b",
       "needed_gb": 70.5
      }
     ],
     "usable_gb": 16.8
    },
    {
     "ram_gb": 32,
     "rows": [
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-2-3b",
       "needed_gb": 5,
       "speed": [
        27,
        50
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6,
       "speed": [
        21,
        40
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gemma3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6.7,
       "speed": [
        16,
        30
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "mistral-7b",
       "needed_gb": 7.8,
       "speed": [
        12,
        23
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-1-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.3,
       "speed": [
        11,
        20
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.9,
       "speed": [
        10,
        19
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Moderate or Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gemma3-12b",
       "needed_gb": 15.9,
       "speed": [
        6.6,
        12
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Moderate or Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "deepseek-r1-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.7,
       "speed": [
        5.9,
        11
       ],
       "thinking": "yes"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Moderate or Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "phi4-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.9,
       "speed": [
        5.9,
        11
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Moderate or Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.4,
       "speed": [
        5.8,
        11
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gpt-oss-20b",
       "needed_gb": 16.5,
       "speed": [
        13,
        25
       ],
       "thinking": "yes"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "gemma3-27b",
       "needed_gb": 27.2
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "qwen3-30b",
       "needed_gb": 22.6
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "qwen3-32b",
       "needed_gb": 26.3
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "llama-3-1-70b",
       "needed_gb": 51.5
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "gpt-oss-120b",
       "needed_gb": 70.5
      }
     ],
     "usable_gb": 22.4
    }
   ],
   "os": "macOS",
   "ram_type": "unified memory",
   "source_urls": [
    "https://support.apple.com/en-us/125405",
    "https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2025/10/apple-unveils-new-14-inch-macbook-pro-powered-by-the-m5-chip/"
   ],
   "url": "/finder/apple-macbook-pro-14-2025-m5/",
   "vram_gb": null,
   "year": 2025
  },
  {
   "bandwidth_gbs": 460,
   "brand": "Apple",
   "category": "macbook",
   "chip": "Apple M5 Max",
   "cpu": "18-core CPU (6 super, 12 performance)",
   "gpu": "32-core GPU",
   "gpu_type": "unified",
   "id": "apple-macbook-pro-14-2026-m5-max-32gpu",
   "max_ram_gb": null,
   "model": "MacBook Pro 14-inch (2026, M5 Max 32-core GPU)",
   "name": "Apple MacBook Pro 14-inch (2026, M5 Max 32-core GPU)",
   "notes": "Apple lists 460GB/s for the 32-core GPU variant, with 36GB base memory. Maximum for this variant is not clearly stated.",
   "options": [
    {
     "ram_gb": 36,
     "rows": [
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-2-3b",
       "needed_gb": 5,
       "speed": [
        80,
        150
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6,
       "speed": [
        64,
        120
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gemma3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6.7,
       "speed": [
        49,
        91
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "mistral-7b",
       "needed_gb": 7.8,
       "speed": [
        37,
        68
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-1-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.3,
       "speed": [
        33,
        61
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.9,
       "speed": [
        31,
        57
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gemma3-12b",
       "needed_gb": 15.9,
       "speed": [
        20,
        37
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "deepseek-r1-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.7,
       "speed": [
        18,
        33
       ],
       "thinking": "yes"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "phi4-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.9,
       "speed": [
        18,
        33
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.4,
       "speed": [
        17,
        32
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gpt-oss-20b",
       "needed_gb": 16.5,
       "speed": [
        40,
        74
       ],
       "thinking": "yes"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "gemma3-27b",
       "needed_gb": 27.2
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-30b",
       "needed_gb": 22.6,
       "speed": [
        47,
        87
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "qwen3-32b",
       "needed_gb": 26.3
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "llama-3-1-70b",
       "needed_gb": 51.5
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "gpt-oss-120b",
       "needed_gb": 70.5
      }
     ],
     "usable_gb": 25.2
    }
   ],
   "os": "macOS",
   "ram_type": "unified memory",
   "source_urls": [
    "https://support.apple.com/en-us/126318"
   ],
   "url": "/finder/apple-macbook-pro-14-2026-m5-max-32gpu/",
   "vram_gb": null,
   "year": 2026
  },
  {
   "bandwidth_gbs": 307,
   "brand": "Apple",
   "category": "macbook",
   "chip": "Apple M5 Pro",
   "cpu": "15-core or 18-core CPU",
   "gpu": "16-core or 20-core GPU",
   "gpu_type": "unified",
   "id": "apple-macbook-pro-14-2026-m5-pro",
   "max_ram_gb": 64,
   "model": "MacBook Pro 14-inch (2026, M5 Pro)",
   "name": "Apple MacBook Pro 14-inch (2026, M5 Pro)",
   "notes": "Apple lists 307GB/s and up to 64GB for M5 Pro. Intermediate memory options are not listed here because the Apple pages conflict.",
   "options": [
    {
     "ram_gb": 24,
     "rows": [
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-2-3b",
       "needed_gb": 5,
       "speed": [
        54,
        100
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6,
       "speed": [
        43,
        80
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gemma3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6.7,
       "speed": [
        33,
        60
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "mistral-7b",
       "needed_gb": 7.8,
       "speed": [
        24,
        45
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-1-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.3,
       "speed": [
        22,
        41
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.9,
       "speed": [
        21,
        38
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Tight",
       "model": "gemma3-12b",
       "needed_gb": 15.9,
       "speed": [
        13,
        25
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "deepseek-r1-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.7,
       "speed": [
        12,
        22
       ],
       "thinking": "yes"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "phi4-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.9,
       "speed": [
        12,
        22
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.4,
       "speed": [
        12,
        21
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Tight",
       "model": "gpt-oss-20b",
       "needed_gb": 16.5,
       "speed": [
        27,
        50
       ],
       "thinking": "yes"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "gemma3-27b",
       "needed_gb": 27.2
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "qwen3-30b",
       "needed_gb": 22.6
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "qwen3-32b",
       "needed_gb": 26.3
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "llama-3-1-70b",
       "needed_gb": 51.5
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "gpt-oss-120b",
       "needed_gb": 70.5
      }
     ],
     "usable_gb": 16.8
    },
    {
     "ram_gb": 64,
     "rows": [
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-2-3b",
       "needed_gb": 5,
       "speed": [
        54,
        100
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6,
       "speed": [
        43,
        80
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gemma3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6.7,
       "speed": [
        33,
        60
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "mistral-7b",
       "needed_gb": 7.8,
       "speed": [
        24,
        45
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-1-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.3,
       "speed": [
        22,
        41
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.9,
       "speed": [
        21,
        38
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gemma3-12b",
       "needed_gb": 15.9,
       "speed": [
        13,
        25
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "deepseek-r1-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.7,
       "speed": [
        12,
        22
       ],
       "thinking": "yes"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "phi4-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.9,
       "speed": [
        12,
        22
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.4,
       "speed": [
        12,
        21
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gpt-oss-20b",
       "needed_gb": 16.5,
       "speed": [
        27,
        50
       ],
       "thinking": "yes"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Moderate or Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gemma3-27b",
       "needed_gb": 27.2,
       "speed": [
        6.3,
        12
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-30b",
       "needed_gb": 22.6,
       "speed": [
        31,
        58
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Moderate",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-32b",
       "needed_gb": 26.3,
       "speed": [
        5.4,
        10
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "llama-3-1-70b",
       "needed_gb": 51.5
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "gpt-oss-120b",
       "needed_gb": 70.5
      }
     ],
     "usable_gb": 44.8
    }
   ],
   "os": "macOS",
   "ram_type": "unified memory",
   "source_urls": [
    "https://support.apple.com/en-us/126318",
    "https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2026/03/apple-introduces-macbook-pro-with-all-new-m5-pro-and-m5-max/"
   ],
   "url": "/finder/apple-macbook-pro-14-2026-m5-pro/",
   "vram_gb": null,
   "year": 2026
  },
  {
   "bandwidth_gbs": 150,
   "brand": "Apple",
   "category": "macbook",
   "chip": "Apple M3 Pro",
   "cpu": "11-core or 12-core CPU",
   "gpu": "14-core or 18-core GPU",
   "gpu_type": "unified",
   "id": "apple-macbook-pro-14-2023-m3-pro",
   "max_ram_gb": 36,
   "model": "MacBook Pro 14-inch (Nov 2023, M3 Pro)",
   "name": "Apple MacBook Pro 14-inch (Nov 2023, M3 Pro)",
   "notes": "Apple lists 150GB/s.",
   "options": [
    {
     "ram_gb": 18,
     "rows": [
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-2-3b",
       "needed_gb": 5,
       "speed": [
        26,
        49
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6,
       "speed": [
        21,
        39
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gemma3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6.7,
       "speed": [
        16,
        30
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "mistral-7b",
       "needed_gb": 7.8,
       "speed": [
        12,
        22
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-1-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.3,
       "speed": [
        11,
        20
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.9,
       "speed": [
        10,
        19
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "gemma3-12b",
       "needed_gb": 15.9
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "deepseek-r1-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.7
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "phi4-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.9
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "qwen3-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.4
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "gpt-oss-20b",
       "needed_gb": 16.5
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "gemma3-27b",
       "needed_gb": 27.2
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "qwen3-30b",
       "needed_gb": 22.6
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "qwen3-32b",
       "needed_gb": 26.3
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "llama-3-1-70b",
       "needed_gb": 51.5
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "gpt-oss-120b",
       "needed_gb": 70.5
      }
     ],
     "usable_gb": 12.6
    },
    {
     "ram_gb": 36,
     "rows": [
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-2-3b",
       "needed_gb": 5,
       "speed": [
        26,
        49
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6,
       "speed": [
        21,
        39
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gemma3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6.7,
       "speed": [
        16,
        30
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "mistral-7b",
       "needed_gb": 7.8,
       "speed": [
        12,
        22
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-1-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.3,
       "speed": [
        11,
        20
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.9,
       "speed": [
        10,
        19
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Moderate or Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gemma3-12b",
       "needed_gb": 15.9,
       "speed": [
        6.5,
        12
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Moderate or Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "deepseek-r1-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.7,
       "speed": [
        5.8,
        11
       ],
       "thinking": "yes"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Moderate or Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "phi4-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.9,
       "speed": [
        5.8,
        11
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Moderate or Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.4,
       "speed": [
        5.6,
        10
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gpt-oss-20b",
       "needed_gb": 16.5,
       "speed": [
        13,
        24
       ],
       "thinking": "yes"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "gemma3-27b",
       "needed_gb": 27.2
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-30b",
       "needed_gb": 22.6,
       "speed": [
        15,
        28
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "qwen3-32b",
       "needed_gb": 26.3
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "llama-3-1-70b",
       "needed_gb": 51.5
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "gpt-oss-120b",
       "needed_gb": 70.5
      }
     ],
     "usable_gb": 25.2
    }
   ],
   "os": "macOS",
   "ram_type": "unified memory",
   "source_urls": [
    "https://support.apple.com/en-us/117736"
   ],
   "url": "/finder/apple-macbook-pro-14-2023-m3-pro/",
   "vram_gb": null,
   "year": 2023
  },
  {
   "bandwidth_gbs": 100,
   "brand": "Apple",
   "category": "macbook",
   "chip": "Apple M3",
   "cpu": "8-core CPU (4 performance, 4 efficiency)",
   "gpu": "10-core GPU",
   "gpu_type": "unified",
   "id": "apple-macbook-pro-14-2023-m3",
   "max_ram_gb": 24,
   "model": "MacBook Pro 14-inch (Nov 2023, M3)",
   "name": "Apple MacBook Pro 14-inch (Nov 2023, M3)",
   "notes": "Apple lists 100GB/s.",
   "options": [
    {
     "ram_gb": 8,
     "rows": [
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-2-3b",
       "needed_gb": 5,
       "speed": [
        18,
        32
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "qwen3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "gemma3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6.7
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "mistral-7b",
       "needed_gb": 7.8
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "llama-3-1-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.3
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "qwen3-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.9
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "gemma3-12b",
       "needed_gb": 15.9
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "deepseek-r1-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.7
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "phi4-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.9
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "qwen3-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.4
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "gpt-oss-20b",
       "needed_gb": 16.5
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "gemma3-27b",
       "needed_gb": 27.2
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "qwen3-30b",
       "needed_gb": 22.6
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "qwen3-32b",
       "needed_gb": 26.3
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "llama-3-1-70b",
       "needed_gb": 51.5
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "gpt-oss-120b",
       "needed_gb": 70.5
      }
     ],
     "usable_gb": 5.6
    },
    {
     "ram_gb": 16,
     "rows": [
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-2-3b",
       "needed_gb": 5,
       "speed": [
        18,
        32
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6,
       "speed": [
        14,
        26
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gemma3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6.7,
       "speed": [
        11,
        20
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Moderate or Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "mistral-7b",
       "needed_gb": 7.8,
       "speed": [
        8,
        15
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Moderate or Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-1-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.3,
       "speed": [
        7.1,
        13
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Moderate or Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.9,
       "speed": [
        6.7,
        12
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "gemma3-12b",
       "needed_gb": 15.9
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "deepseek-r1-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.7
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "phi4-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.9
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "qwen3-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.4
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "gpt-oss-20b",
       "needed_gb": 16.5
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "gemma3-27b",
       "needed_gb": 27.2
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "qwen3-30b",
       "needed_gb": 22.6
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "qwen3-32b",
       "needed_gb": 26.3
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "llama-3-1-70b",
       "needed_gb": 51.5
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "gpt-oss-120b",
       "needed_gb": 70.5
      }
     ],
     "usable_gb": 11.2
    },
    {
     "ram_gb": 24,
     "rows": [
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-2-3b",
       "needed_gb": 5,
       "speed": [
        18,
        32
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6,
       "speed": [
        14,
        26
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gemma3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6.7,
       "speed": [
        11,
        20
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Moderate or Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "mistral-7b",
       "needed_gb": 7.8,
       "speed": [
        8,
        15
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Moderate or Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-1-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.3,
       "speed": [
        7.1,
        13
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Moderate or Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.9,
       "speed": [
        6.7,
        12
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Slow or Moderate",
       "fit": "Tight",
       "model": "gemma3-12b",
       "needed_gb": 15.9,
       "speed": [
        4.3,
        8
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Slow or Moderate",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "deepseek-r1-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.7,
       "speed": [
        3.9,
        7.2
       ],
       "thinking": "yes"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Slow or Moderate",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "phi4-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.9,
       "speed": [
        3.8,
        7.1
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Slow or Moderate",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.4,
       "speed": [
        3.8,
        7
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Moderate or Fast",
       "fit": "Tight",
       "model": "gpt-oss-20b",
       "needed_gb": 16.5,
       "speed": [
        8.7,
        16
       ],
       "thinking": "yes"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "gemma3-27b",
       "needed_gb": 27.2
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "qwen3-30b",
       "needed_gb": 22.6
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "qwen3-32b",
       "needed_gb": 26.3
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "llama-3-1-70b",
       "needed_gb": 51.5
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "gpt-oss-120b",
       "needed_gb": 70.5
      }
     ],
     "usable_gb": 16.8
    }
   ],
   "os": "macOS",
   "ram_type": "unified memory",
   "source_urls": [
    "https://support.apple.com/en-us/117735"
   ],
   "url": "/finder/apple-macbook-pro-14-2023-m3/",
   "vram_gb": null,
   "year": 2023
  },
  {
   "bandwidth_gbs": 400,
   "brand": "Apple",
   "category": "macbook",
   "chip": "Apple M1 Max",
   "cpu": "10-core CPU",
   "gpu": "32-core GPU",
   "gpu_type": "unified",
   "id": "apple-macbook-pro-16-2021-m1-max",
   "max_ram_gb": 64,
   "model": "MacBook Pro 16-inch (2021, M1 Max)",
   "name": "Apple MacBook Pro 16-inch (2021, M1 Max)",
   "notes": "The 14-inch (2021) offers the same chip. Apple lists 400GB/s for M1 Max and 32GB base memory, configurable to 64GB.",
   "options": [
    {
     "ram_gb": 32,
     "rows": [
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-2-3b",
       "needed_gb": 5,
       "speed": [
        70,
        130
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6,
       "speed": [
        56,
        104
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gemma3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6.7,
       "speed": [
        42,
        79
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "mistral-7b",
       "needed_gb": 7.8,
       "speed": [
        32,
        59
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-1-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.3,
       "speed": [
        29,
        53
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.9,
       "speed": [
        27,
        50
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gemma3-12b",
       "needed_gb": 15.9,
       "speed": [
        17,
        32
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "deepseek-r1-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.7,
       "speed": [
        16,
        29
       ],
       "thinking": "yes"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "phi4-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.9,
       "speed": [
        15,
        29
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.4,
       "speed": [
        15,
        28
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gpt-oss-20b",
       "needed_gb": 16.5,
       "speed": [
        35,
        65
       ],
       "thinking": "yes"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "gemma3-27b",
       "needed_gb": 27.2
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "qwen3-30b",
       "needed_gb": 22.6
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "qwen3-32b",
       "needed_gb": 26.3
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "llama-3-1-70b",
       "needed_gb": 51.5
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "gpt-oss-120b",
       "needed_gb": 70.5
      }
     ],
     "usable_gb": 22.4
    },
    {
     "ram_gb": 64,
     "rows": [
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-2-3b",
       "needed_gb": 5,
       "speed": [
        70,
        130
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6,
       "speed": [
        56,
        104
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gemma3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6.7,
       "speed": [
        42,
        79
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "mistral-7b",
       "needed_gb": 7.8,
       "speed": [
        32,
        59
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-1-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.3,
       "speed": [
        29,
        53
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.9,
       "speed": [
        27,
        50
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gemma3-12b",
       "needed_gb": 15.9,
       "speed": [
        17,
        32
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "deepseek-r1-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.7,
       "speed": [
        16,
        29
       ],
       "thinking": "yes"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "phi4-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.9,
       "speed": [
        15,
        29
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.4,
       "speed": [
        15,
        28
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gpt-oss-20b",
       "needed_gb": 16.5,
       "speed": [
        35,
        65
       ],
       "thinking": "yes"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Moderate or Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gemma3-27b",
       "needed_gb": 27.2,
       "speed": [
        8.2,
        15
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Measured",
       "band": "Fast",
       "estimated_speed": [
        41,
        76
       ],
       "fit": "Fits",
       "fit_basis": "measured",
       "measured": {
        "band": "Fast",
        "fits_fully": true,
        "quality": 9.3,
        "score": 73,
        "tps": 54,
        "tps_high": 62,
        "tps_low": 41,
        "url": "/laptops/macbook-pro-apple-m1-max-64-gb/"
       },
       "model": "qwen3-30b",
       "needed_gb": 22.6,
       "speed": [
        41,
        62
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Moderate or Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-32b",
       "needed_gb": 26.3,
       "speed": [
        7,
        13
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "llama-3-1-70b",
       "needed_gb": 51.5
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "gpt-oss-120b",
       "needed_gb": 70.5
      }
     ],
     "usable_gb": 44.8
    }
   ],
   "os": "macOS",
   "ram_type": "unified memory",
   "source_urls": [
    "https://support.apple.com/en-us/111901"
   ],
   "url": "/finder/apple-macbook-pro-16-2021-m1-max/",
   "vram_gb": null,
   "year": 2021
  },
  {
   "bandwidth_gbs": 200,
   "brand": "Apple",
   "category": "macbook",
   "chip": "Apple M1 Pro",
   "cpu": "10-core CPU",
   "gpu": "16-core GPU",
   "gpu_type": "unified",
   "id": "apple-macbook-pro-16-2021-m1-pro",
   "max_ram_gb": 32,
   "model": "MacBook Pro 16-inch (2021, M1 Pro)",
   "name": "Apple MacBook Pro 16-inch (2021, M1 Pro)",
   "notes": "Apple lists 200GB/s for M1 Pro and 16GB base memory, configurable to 32GB.",
   "options": [
    {
     "ram_gb": 16,
     "rows": [
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-2-3b",
       "needed_gb": 5,
       "speed": [
        35,
        65
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6,
       "speed": [
        28,
        52
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gemma3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6.7,
       "speed": [
        21,
        39
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "mistral-7b",
       "needed_gb": 7.8,
       "speed": [
        16,
        30
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-1-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.3,
       "speed": [
        14,
        27
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.9,
       "speed": [
        13,
        25
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "gemma3-12b",
       "needed_gb": 15.9
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "deepseek-r1-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.7
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "phi4-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.9
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "qwen3-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.4
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "gpt-oss-20b",
       "needed_gb": 16.5
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "gemma3-27b",
       "needed_gb": 27.2
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "qwen3-30b",
       "needed_gb": 22.6
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "qwen3-32b",
       "needed_gb": 26.3
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "llama-3-1-70b",
       "needed_gb": 51.5
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "gpt-oss-120b",
       "needed_gb": 70.5
      }
     ],
     "usable_gb": 11.2
    },
    {
     "ram_gb": 32,
     "rows": [
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-2-3b",
       "needed_gb": 5,
       "speed": [
        35,
        65
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6,
       "speed": [
        28,
        52
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gemma3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6.7,
       "speed": [
        21,
        39
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "mistral-7b",
       "needed_gb": 7.8,
       "speed": [
        16,
        30
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-1-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.3,
       "speed": [
        14,
        27
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.9,
       "speed": [
        13,
        25
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Moderate or Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gemma3-12b",
       "needed_gb": 15.9,
       "speed": [
        8.6,
        16
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Moderate or Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "deepseek-r1-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.7,
       "speed": [
        7.8,
        14
       ],
       "thinking": "yes"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Moderate or Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "phi4-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.9,
       "speed": [
        7.7,
        14
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Moderate or Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.4,
       "speed": [
        7.5,
        14
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gpt-oss-20b",
       "needed_gb": 16.5,
       "speed": [
        17,
        32
       ],
       "thinking": "yes"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "gemma3-27b",
       "needed_gb": 27.2
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "qwen3-30b",
       "needed_gb": 22.6
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "qwen3-32b",
       "needed_gb": 26.3
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "llama-3-1-70b",
       "needed_gb": 51.5
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "gpt-oss-120b",
       "needed_gb": 70.5
      }
     ],
     "usable_gb": 22.4
    }
   ],
   "os": "macOS",
   "ram_type": "unified memory",
   "source_urls": [
    "https://support.apple.com/en-us/111901"
   ],
   "url": "/finder/apple-macbook-pro-16-2021-m1-pro/",
   "vram_gb": null,
   "year": 2021
  },
  {
   "bandwidth_gbs": 546,
   "brand": "Apple",
   "category": "macbook",
   "chip": "Apple M4 Max",
   "cpu": "16-core CPU (12 performance, 4 efficiency)",
   "gpu": "40-core GPU",
   "gpu_type": "unified",
   "id": "apple-macbook-pro-16-2024-m4-max-16cpu-40gpu",
   "max_ram_gb": 128,
   "model": "MacBook Pro 16-inch (2024, M4 Max 16-core CPU, 40-core GPU)",
   "name": "Apple MacBook Pro 16-inch (2024, M4 Max 16-core CPU, 40-core GPU)",
   "notes": "Apple lists 546GB/s for this variant.",
   "options": [
    {
     "ram_gb": 48,
     "rows": [
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-2-3b",
       "needed_gb": 5,
       "speed": [
        96,
        177
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6,
       "speed": [
        76,
        142
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gemma3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6.7,
       "speed": [
        58,
        108
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "mistral-7b",
       "needed_gb": 7.8,
       "speed": [
        43,
        81
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-1-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.3,
       "speed": [
        39,
        72
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.9,
       "speed": [
        37,
        68
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gemma3-12b",
       "needed_gb": 15.9,
       "speed": [
        24,
        44
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "deepseek-r1-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.7,
       "speed": [
        21,
        39
       ],
       "thinking": "yes"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "phi4-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.9,
       "speed": [
        21,
        39
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.4,
       "speed": [
        21,
        38
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gpt-oss-20b",
       "needed_gb": 16.5,
       "speed": [
        48,
        88
       ],
       "thinking": "yes"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gemma3-27b",
       "needed_gb": 27.2,
       "speed": [
        11,
        21
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-30b",
       "needed_gb": 22.6,
       "speed": [
        56,
        104
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Moderate or Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-32b",
       "needed_gb": 26.3,
       "speed": [
        9.6,
        18
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "llama-3-1-70b",
       "needed_gb": 51.5
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "gpt-oss-120b",
       "needed_gb": 70.5
      }
     ],
     "usable_gb": 33.6
    },
    {
     "ram_gb": 64,
     "rows": [
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-2-3b",
       "needed_gb": 5,
       "speed": [
        96,
        177
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6,
       "speed": [
        76,
        142
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gemma3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6.7,
       "speed": [
        58,
        108
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "mistral-7b",
       "needed_gb": 7.8,
       "speed": [
        43,
        81
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-1-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.3,
       "speed": [
        39,
        72
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.9,
       "speed": [
        37,
        68
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gemma3-12b",
       "needed_gb": 15.9,
       "speed": [
        24,
        44
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "deepseek-r1-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.7,
       "speed": [
        21,
        39
       ],
       "thinking": "yes"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "phi4-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.9,
       "speed": [
        21,
        39
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.4,
       "speed": [
        21,
        38
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gpt-oss-20b",
       "needed_gb": 16.5,
       "speed": [
        48,
        88
       ],
       "thinking": "yes"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gemma3-27b",
       "needed_gb": 27.2,
       "speed": [
        11,
        21
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-30b",
       "needed_gb": 22.6,
       "speed": [
        56,
        104
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Moderate or Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-32b",
       "needed_gb": 26.3,
       "speed": [
        9.6,
        18
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "llama-3-1-70b",
       "needed_gb": 51.5
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "gpt-oss-120b",
       "needed_gb": 70.5
      }
     ],
     "usable_gb": 44.8
    },
    {
     "ram_gb": 128,
     "rows": [
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-2-3b",
       "needed_gb": 5,
       "speed": [
        96,
        177
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6,
       "speed": [
        76,
        142
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gemma3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6.7,
       "speed": [
        58,
        108
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "mistral-7b",
       "needed_gb": 7.8,
       "speed": [
        43,
        81
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-1-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.3,
       "speed": [
        39,
        72
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.9,
       "speed": [
        37,
        68
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gemma3-12b",
       "needed_gb": 15.9,
       "speed": [
        24,
        44
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "deepseek-r1-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.7,
       "speed": [
        21,
        39
       ],
       "thinking": "yes"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "phi4-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.9,
       "speed": [
        21,
        39
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.4,
       "speed": [
        21,
        38
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gpt-oss-20b",
       "needed_gb": 16.5,
       "speed": [
        48,
        88
       ],
       "thinking": "yes"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gemma3-27b",
       "needed_gb": 27.2,
       "speed": [
        11,
        21
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-30b",
       "needed_gb": 22.6,
       "speed": [
        56,
        104
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Moderate or Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-32b",
       "needed_gb": 26.3,
       "speed": [
        9.6,
        18
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Slow or Moderate",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-1-70b",
       "needed_gb": 51.5,
       "speed": [
        4.4,
        8.3
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gpt-oss-120b",
       "needed_gb": 70.5,
       "speed": [
        40,
        75
       ],
       "thinking": "yes"
      }
     ],
     "usable_gb": 89.6
    }
   ],
   "os": "macOS",
   "ram_type": "unified memory",
   "source_urls": [
    "https://support.apple.com/en-us/121554",
    "https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2024/10/apple-introduces-m4-pro-and-m4-max/"
   ],
   "url": "/finder/apple-macbook-pro-16-2024-m4-max-16cpu-40gpu/",
   "vram_gb": null,
   "year": 2024
  },
  {
   "bandwidth_gbs": 614,
   "brand": "Apple",
   "category": "macbook",
   "chip": "Apple M5 Max",
   "cpu": "18-core CPU (6 super, 12 performance)",
   "gpu": "40-core GPU",
   "gpu_type": "unified",
   "id": "apple-macbook-pro-16-2026-m5-max-40gpu",
   "max_ram_gb": 128,
   "model": "MacBook Pro 16-inch (2026, M5 Max 40-core GPU)",
   "name": "Apple MacBook Pro 16-inch (2026, M5 Max 40-core GPU)",
   "notes": "Apple lists 614GB/s for the 40-core GPU variant and up to 128GB for M5 Max. Smaller options are not listed here because the Apple pages conflict.",
   "options": [
    {
     "ram_gb": 128,
     "rows": [
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-2-3b",
       "needed_gb": 5,
       "speed": [
        107,
        200
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6,
       "speed": [
        86,
        160
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gemma3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6.7,
       "speed": [
        65,
        121
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "mistral-7b",
       "needed_gb": 7.8,
       "speed": [
        49,
        91
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-1-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.3,
       "speed": [
        44,
        81
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.9,
       "speed": [
        41,
        77
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gemma3-12b",
       "needed_gb": 15.9,
       "speed": [
        27,
        49
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "deepseek-r1-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.7,
       "speed": [
        24,
        44
       ],
       "thinking": "yes"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "phi4-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.9,
       "speed": [
        24,
        44
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.4,
       "speed": [
        23,
        43
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gpt-oss-20b",
       "needed_gb": 16.5,
       "speed": [
        53,
        99
       ],
       "thinking": "yes"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gemma3-27b",
       "needed_gb": 27.2,
       "speed": [
        13,
        23
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-30b",
       "needed_gb": 22.6,
       "speed": [
        63,
        116
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-32b",
       "needed_gb": 26.3,
       "speed": [
        11,
        20
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Slow or Moderate",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-1-70b",
       "needed_gb": 51.5,
       "speed": [
        5,
        9.3
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gpt-oss-120b",
       "needed_gb": 70.5,
       "speed": [
        46,
        85
       ],
       "thinking": "yes"
      }
     ],
     "usable_gb": 89.6
    }
   ],
   "os": "macOS",
   "ram_type": "unified memory",
   "source_urls": [
    "https://support.apple.com/en-us/126319",
    "https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2026/03/apple-introduces-macbook-pro-with-all-new-m5-pro-and-m5-max/"
   ],
   "url": "/finder/apple-macbook-pro-16-2026-m5-max-40gpu/",
   "vram_gb": null,
   "year": 2026
  },
  {
   "bandwidth_gbs": 300,
   "brand": "Apple",
   "category": "macbook",
   "chip": "Apple M3 Max",
   "cpu": "14-core CPU (10 performance, 4 efficiency)",
   "gpu": "30-core GPU",
   "gpu_type": "unified",
   "id": "apple-macbook-pro-16-2023-m3-max-14cpu-30gpu",
   "max_ram_gb": 96,
   "model": "MacBook Pro 16-inch (Nov 2023, M3 Max 14-core CPU, 30-core GPU)",
   "name": "Apple MacBook Pro 16-inch (Nov 2023, M3 Max 14-core CPU, 30-core GPU)",
   "notes": "Apple lists 300GB/s for this variant.",
   "options": [
    {
     "ram_gb": 36,
     "rows": [
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-2-3b",
       "needed_gb": 5,
       "speed": [
        52,
        98
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6,
       "speed": [
        42,
        78
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gemma3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6.7,
       "speed": [
        32,
        59
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "mistral-7b",
       "needed_gb": 7.8,
       "speed": [
        24,
        44
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-1-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.3,
       "speed": [
        21,
        40
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.9,
       "speed": [
        20,
        38
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gemma3-12b",
       "needed_gb": 15.9,
       "speed": [
        13,
        24
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "deepseek-r1-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.7,
       "speed": [
        12,
        22
       ],
       "thinking": "yes"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "phi4-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.9,
       "speed": [
        12,
        21
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.4,
       "speed": [
        11,
        21
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gpt-oss-20b",
       "needed_gb": 16.5,
       "speed": [
        26,
        49
       ],
       "thinking": "yes"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "gemma3-27b",
       "needed_gb": 27.2
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-30b",
       "needed_gb": 22.6,
       "speed": [
        31,
        57
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "qwen3-32b",
       "needed_gb": 26.3
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "llama-3-1-70b",
       "needed_gb": 51.5
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "gpt-oss-120b",
       "needed_gb": 70.5
      }
     ],
     "usable_gb": 25.2
    },
    {
     "ram_gb": 96,
     "rows": [
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-2-3b",
       "needed_gb": 5,
       "speed": [
        52,
        98
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6,
       "speed": [
        42,
        78
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gemma3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6.7,
       "speed": [
        32,
        59
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "mistral-7b",
       "needed_gb": 7.8,
       "speed": [
        24,
        44
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-1-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.3,
       "speed": [
        21,
        40
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.9,
       "speed": [
        20,
        38
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gemma3-12b",
       "needed_gb": 15.9,
       "speed": [
        13,
        24
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "deepseek-r1-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.7,
       "speed": [
        12,
        22
       ],
       "thinking": "yes"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "phi4-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.9,
       "speed": [
        12,
        21
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.4,
       "speed": [
        11,
        21
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gpt-oss-20b",
       "needed_gb": 16.5,
       "speed": [
        26,
        49
       ],
       "thinking": "yes"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Moderate or Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gemma3-27b",
       "needed_gb": 27.2,
       "speed": [
        6.2,
        11
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-30b",
       "needed_gb": 22.6,
       "speed": [
        31,
        57
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Moderate",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-32b",
       "needed_gb": 26.3,
       "speed": [
        5.2,
        9.8
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Slow",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-1-70b",
       "needed_gb": 51.5,
       "speed": [
        2.4,
        4.5
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "gpt-oss-120b",
       "needed_gb": 70.5
      }
     ],
     "usable_gb": 67.2
    }
   ],
   "os": "macOS",
   "ram_type": "unified memory",
   "source_urls": [
    "https://support.apple.com/en-us/117737"
   ],
   "url": "/finder/apple-macbook-pro-16-2023-m3-max-14cpu-30gpu/",
   "vram_gb": null,
   "year": 2023
  },
  {
   "bandwidth_gbs": 400,
   "brand": "Apple",
   "category": "macbook",
   "chip": "Apple M3 Max",
   "cpu": "16-core CPU (12 performance, 4 efficiency)",
   "gpu": "40-core GPU",
   "gpu_type": "unified",
   "id": "apple-macbook-pro-16-2023-m3-max-16cpu-40gpu",
   "max_ram_gb": 128,
   "model": "MacBook Pro 16-inch (Nov 2023, M3 Max 16-core CPU, 40-core GPU)",
   "name": "Apple MacBook Pro 16-inch (Nov 2023, M3 Max 16-core CPU, 40-core GPU)",
   "notes": "Apple lists 400GB/s for this variant.",
   "options": [
    {
     "ram_gb": 48,
     "rows": [
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-2-3b",
       "needed_gb": 5,
       "speed": [
        70,
        130
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6,
       "speed": [
        56,
        104
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gemma3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6.7,
       "speed": [
        42,
        79
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "mistral-7b",
       "needed_gb": 7.8,
       "speed": [
        32,
        59
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-1-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.3,
       "speed": [
        29,
        53
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.9,
       "speed": [
        27,
        50
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gemma3-12b",
       "needed_gb": 15.9,
       "speed": [
        17,
        32
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "deepseek-r1-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.7,
       "speed": [
        16,
        29
       ],
       "thinking": "yes"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "phi4-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.9,
       "speed": [
        15,
        29
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.4,
       "speed": [
        15,
        28
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gpt-oss-20b",
       "needed_gb": 16.5,
       "speed": [
        35,
        65
       ],
       "thinking": "yes"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Moderate or Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gemma3-27b",
       "needed_gb": 27.2,
       "speed": [
        8.2,
        15
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-30b",
       "needed_gb": 22.6,
       "speed": [
        41,
        76
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Moderate or Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-32b",
       "needed_gb": 26.3,
       "speed": [
        7,
        13
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "llama-3-1-70b",
       "needed_gb": 51.5
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "gpt-oss-120b",
       "needed_gb": 70.5
      }
     ],
     "usable_gb": 33.6
    },
    {
     "ram_gb": 64,
     "rows": [
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-2-3b",
       "needed_gb": 5,
       "speed": [
        70,
        130
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6,
       "speed": [
        56,
        104
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gemma3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6.7,
       "speed": [
        42,
        79
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "mistral-7b",
       "needed_gb": 7.8,
       "speed": [
        32,
        59
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-1-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.3,
       "speed": [
        29,
        53
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.9,
       "speed": [
        27,
        50
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gemma3-12b",
       "needed_gb": 15.9,
       "speed": [
        17,
        32
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "deepseek-r1-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.7,
       "speed": [
        16,
        29
       ],
       "thinking": "yes"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "phi4-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.9,
       "speed": [
        15,
        29
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.4,
       "speed": [
        15,
        28
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gpt-oss-20b",
       "needed_gb": 16.5,
       "speed": [
        35,
        65
       ],
       "thinking": "yes"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Moderate or Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gemma3-27b",
       "needed_gb": 27.2,
       "speed": [
        8.2,
        15
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-30b",
       "needed_gb": 22.6,
       "speed": [
        41,
        76
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Moderate or Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-32b",
       "needed_gb": 26.3,
       "speed": [
        7,
        13
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "llama-3-1-70b",
       "needed_gb": 51.5
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "gpt-oss-120b",
       "needed_gb": 70.5
      }
     ],
     "usable_gb": 44.8
    },
    {
     "ram_gb": 128,
     "rows": [
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-2-3b",
       "needed_gb": 5,
       "speed": [
        70,
        130
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6,
       "speed": [
        56,
        104
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gemma3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6.7,
       "speed": [
        42,
        79
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "mistral-7b",
       "needed_gb": 7.8,
       "speed": [
        32,
        59
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-1-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.3,
       "speed": [
        29,
        53
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.9,
       "speed": [
        27,
        50
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gemma3-12b",
       "needed_gb": 15.9,
       "speed": [
        17,
        32
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "deepseek-r1-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.7,
       "speed": [
        16,
        29
       ],
       "thinking": "yes"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "phi4-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.9,
       "speed": [
        15,
        29
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.4,
       "speed": [
        15,
        28
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gpt-oss-20b",
       "needed_gb": 16.5,
       "speed": [
        35,
        65
       ],
       "thinking": "yes"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Moderate or Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gemma3-27b",
       "needed_gb": 27.2,
       "speed": [
        8.2,
        15
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-30b",
       "needed_gb": 22.6,
       "speed": [
        41,
        76
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Moderate or Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-32b",
       "needed_gb": 26.3,
       "speed": [
        7,
        13
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Slow or Moderate",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-1-70b",
       "needed_gb": 51.5,
       "speed": [
        3.3,
        6
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gpt-oss-120b",
       "needed_gb": 70.5,
       "speed": [
        30,
        55
       ],
       "thinking": "yes"
      }
     ],
     "usable_gb": 89.6
    }
   ],
   "os": "macOS",
   "ram_type": "unified memory",
   "source_urls": [
    "https://support.apple.com/en-us/117737"
   ],
   "url": "/finder/apple-macbook-pro-16-2023-m3-max-16cpu-40gpu/",
   "vram_gb": null,
   "year": 2023
  },
  {
   "bandwidth_gbs": null,
   "brand": "ASUS",
   "category": "business",
   "chip": "Intel Core Ultra 5 226V or Core Ultra 7 258V",
   "cpu": "Intel Core Ultra 5 226V or 7 258V (8 cores)",
   "gpu": "Intel Arc 130V or 140V (integrated)",
   "gpu_type": "integrated",
   "id": "asus-expertbook-p5-p5405",
   "max_ram_gb": 32,
   "model": "ExpertBook P5 (P5405)",
   "name": "ASUS ExpertBook P5 (P5405)",
   "notes": "Intel does not publish a bandwidth figure on its product pages, so it is left empty.",
   "options": [
    {
     "ram_gb": 16,
     "rows": [
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Not known",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-2-3b",
       "needed_gb": 5,
       "note": "Speed is not known: no sourced memory bandwidth for this laptop."
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Not known",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6,
       "note": "Speed is not known: no sourced memory bandwidth for this laptop.",
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Not known",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gemma3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6.7,
       "note": "Speed is not known: no sourced memory bandwidth for this laptop."
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Not known",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "mistral-7b",
       "needed_gb": 7.8,
       "note": "Speed is not known: no sourced memory bandwidth for this laptop."
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Not known",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-1-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.3,
       "note": "Speed is not known: no sourced memory bandwidth for this laptop."
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Not known",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.9,
       "note": "Speed is not known: no sourced memory bandwidth for this laptop.",
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "gemma3-12b",
       "needed_gb": 15.9
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "deepseek-r1-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.7
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "phi4-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.9
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "qwen3-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.4
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "gpt-oss-20b",
       "needed_gb": 16.5
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "gemma3-27b",
       "needed_gb": 27.2
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "qwen3-30b",
       "needed_gb": 22.6
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "qwen3-32b",
       "needed_gb": 26.3
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "llama-3-1-70b",
       "needed_gb": 51.5
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "gpt-oss-120b",
       "needed_gb": 70.5
      }
     ],
     "usable_gb": 12
    },
    {
     "ram_gb": 32,
     "rows": [
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Not known",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-2-3b",
       "needed_gb": 5,
       "note": "Speed is not known: no sourced memory bandwidth for this laptop."
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Not known",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6,
       "note": "Speed is not known: no sourced memory bandwidth for this laptop.",
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Not known",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gemma3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6.7,
       "note": "Speed is not known: no sourced memory bandwidth for this laptop."
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Not known",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "mistral-7b",
       "needed_gb": 7.8,
       "note": "Speed is not known: no sourced memory bandwidth for this laptop."
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Not known",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-1-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.3,
       "note": "Speed is not known: no sourced memory bandwidth for this laptop."
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Not known",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.9,
       "note": "Speed is not known: no sourced memory bandwidth for this laptop.",
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Not known",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gemma3-12b",
       "needed_gb": 15.9,
       "note": "Speed is not known: no sourced memory bandwidth for this laptop."
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Not known",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "deepseek-r1-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.7,
       "note": "Speed is not known: no sourced memory bandwidth for this laptop.",
       "thinking": "yes"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Not known",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "phi4-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.9,
       "note": "Speed is not known: no sourced memory bandwidth for this laptop."
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Not known",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.4,
       "note": "Speed is not known: no sourced memory bandwidth for this laptop.",
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Not known",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gpt-oss-20b",
       "needed_gb": 16.5,
       "note": "Speed is not known: no sourced memory bandwidth for this laptop.",
       "thinking": "yes"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Not known",
       "fit": "Tight",
       "model": "gemma3-27b",
       "needed_gb": 27.2,
       "note": "Speed is not known: no sourced memory bandwidth for this laptop."
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Not known",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-30b",
       "needed_gb": 22.6,
       "note": "Speed is not known: no sourced memory bandwidth for this laptop.",
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Not known",
       "fit": "Tight",
       "model": "qwen3-32b",
       "needed_gb": 26.3,
       "note": "Speed is not known: no sourced memory bandwidth for this laptop.",
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "llama-3-1-70b",
       "needed_gb": 51.5
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "gpt-oss-120b",
       "needed_gb": 70.5
      }
     ],
     "usable_gb": 28
    }
   ],
   "os": "Windows 11",
   "ram_type": "LPDDR5X on package",
   "source_urls": [
    "https://www.asus.com/in/laptops/for-work/expertbook/expertbook-p5-p5405/techspec/"
   ],
   "url": "/finder/asus-expertbook-p5-p5405/",
   "vram_gb": null,
   "year": null
  },
  {
   "bandwidth_gbs": 896,
   "brand": "ASUS",
   "category": "workstation",
   "chip": "AMD Ryzen AI 9 HX 370",
   "cpu": "AMD Ryzen AI 9 HX 370 (12 cores)",
   "gpu": "NVIDIA GeForce RTX 5090 Laptop GPU",
   "gpu_type": "discrete",
   "id": "asus-proart-p16-h7606-rtx-5090",
   "max_ram_gb": 64,
   "model": "ProArt P16 (H7606)",
   "name": "ASUS ProArt P16 (H7606)",
   "notes": "GPU options on the spec page include RTX 5090 (24GB GDDR7), RTX 5070 (8GB) and RTX 4070 or 4060. Memory options 32GB and 64GB are listed for all configurations. GPU bandwidth from NVIDIA's RTX 50 laptop page.",
   "options": [
    {
     "ram_gb": 32,
     "rows": [
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-2-3b",
       "needed_gb": 5,
       "speed": [
        157,
        291
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6,
       "speed": [
        125,
        233
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gemma3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6.7,
       "speed": [
        95,
        176
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "mistral-7b",
       "needed_gb": 7.8,
       "speed": [
        71,
        132
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-1-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.3,
       "speed": [
        64,
        119
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.9,
       "speed": [
        60,
        112
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gemma3-12b",
       "needed_gb": 15.9,
       "speed": [
        39,
        72
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "deepseek-r1-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.7,
       "speed": [
        35,
        65
       ],
       "thinking": "yes"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "phi4-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.9,
       "speed": [
        34,
        64
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.4,
       "speed": [
        34,
        63
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gpt-oss-20b",
       "needed_gb": 16.5,
       "speed": [
        78,
        145
       ],
       "thinking": "yes"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Slow or Moderate",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "gemma3-27b",
       "needed_gb": 27.2,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        2.8,
        5.1
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Tight",
       "model": "qwen3-30b",
       "needed_gb": 22.6,
       "speed": [
        92,
        170
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Slow",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "qwen3-32b",
       "needed_gb": 26.3,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        2.4,
        4.4
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Slow",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "llama-3-1-70b",
       "needed_gb": 51.5,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        1.1,
        2
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "gpt-oss-120b",
       "needed_gb": 70.5
      }
     ],
     "usable_gb": 24
    },
    {
     "ram_gb": 64,
     "rows": [
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-2-3b",
       "needed_gb": 5,
       "speed": [
        157,
        291
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6,
       "speed": [
        125,
        233
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gemma3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6.7,
       "speed": [
        95,
        176
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "mistral-7b",
       "needed_gb": 7.8,
       "speed": [
        71,
        132
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-1-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.3,
       "speed": [
        64,
        119
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.9,
       "speed": [
        60,
        112
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gemma3-12b",
       "needed_gb": 15.9,
       "speed": [
        39,
        72
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "deepseek-r1-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.7,
       "speed": [
        35,
        65
       ],
       "thinking": "yes"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "phi4-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.9,
       "speed": [
        34,
        64
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.4,
       "speed": [
        34,
        63
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gpt-oss-20b",
       "needed_gb": 16.5,
       "speed": [
        78,
        145
       ],
       "thinking": "yes"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Slow or Moderate",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "gemma3-27b",
       "needed_gb": 27.2,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        2.8,
        5.1
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Tight",
       "model": "qwen3-30b",
       "needed_gb": 22.6,
       "speed": [
        92,
        170
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Slow",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "qwen3-32b",
       "needed_gb": 26.3,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        2.4,
        4.4
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Slow",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "llama-3-1-70b",
       "needed_gb": 51.5,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        1.1,
        2
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Moderate or Fast",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "gpt-oss-120b",
       "needed_gb": 70.5,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        10,
        18
       ],
       "thinking": "yes"
      }
     ],
     "usable_gb": 24
    }
   ],
   "os": "Windows 11",
   "ram_type": "LPDDR5X onboard",
   "source_urls": [
    "https://www.asus.com/me-en/laptops/for-creators/proart/proart-p16-h7606/techspec/",
    "https://www.nvidia.com/en-us/geforce/laptops/50-series/"
   ],
   "url": "/finder/asus-proart-p16-h7606-rtx-5090/",
   "vram_gb": 24,
   "year": null
  },
  {
   "bandwidth_gbs": 256,
   "brand": "ASUS",
   "category": "gaming",
   "chip": "AMD Ryzen AI Max+ 395",
   "cpu": "AMD Ryzen AI Max+ 395 (16 cores)",
   "gpu": "AMD Radeon 8060S (integrated)",
   "gpu_type": "integrated",
   "id": "asus-rog-flow-z13-2025-ryzen-ai-max-395",
   "max_ram_gb": 128,
   "model": "ROG Flow Z13 (2025) GZ302",
   "name": "ASUS ROG Flow Z13 (2025) GZ302",
   "notes": "Bandwidth is AMD's figure for the Ryzen AI Max+ 395 (on its Ryzen AI Halo page). The spec page lists 32GB, 64GB and 128GB onboard memory.",
   "options": [
    {
     "ram_gb": 32,
     "rows": [
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-2-3b",
       "needed_gb": 5,
       "speed": [
        45,
        83
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6,
       "speed": [
        36,
        67
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gemma3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6.7,
       "speed": [
        27,
        50
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "mistral-7b",
       "needed_gb": 7.8,
       "speed": [
        20,
        38
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-1-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.3,
       "speed": [
        18,
        34
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.9,
       "speed": [
        17,
        32
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gemma3-12b",
       "needed_gb": 15.9,
       "speed": [
        11,
        21
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Moderate or Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "deepseek-r1-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.7,
       "speed": [
        10,
        18
       ],
       "thinking": "yes"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Moderate or Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "phi4-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.9,
       "speed": [
        9.8,
        18
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Moderate or Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.4,
       "speed": [
        9.6,
        18
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gpt-oss-20b",
       "needed_gb": 16.5,
       "speed": [
        22,
        41
       ],
       "thinking": "yes"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Moderate",
       "fit": "Tight",
       "model": "gemma3-27b",
       "needed_gb": 27.2,
       "speed": [
        5.3,
        9.8
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-30b",
       "needed_gb": 22.6,
       "speed": [
        26,
        49
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Slow or Moderate",
       "fit": "Tight",
       "model": "qwen3-32b",
       "needed_gb": 26.3,
       "speed": [
        4.5,
        8.3
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "llama-3-1-70b",
       "needed_gb": 51.5
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "gpt-oss-120b",
       "needed_gb": 70.5
      }
     ],
     "usable_gb": 28
    },
    {
     "ram_gb": 64,
     "rows": [
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-2-3b",
       "needed_gb": 5,
       "speed": [
        45,
        83
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6,
       "speed": [
        36,
        67
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gemma3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6.7,
       "speed": [
        27,
        50
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "mistral-7b",
       "needed_gb": 7.8,
       "speed": [
        20,
        38
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-1-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.3,
       "speed": [
        18,
        34
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.9,
       "speed": [
        17,
        32
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gemma3-12b",
       "needed_gb": 15.9,
       "speed": [
        11,
        21
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Moderate or Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "deepseek-r1-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.7,
       "speed": [
        10,
        18
       ],
       "thinking": "yes"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Moderate or Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "phi4-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.9,
       "speed": [
        9.8,
        18
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Moderate or Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.4,
       "speed": [
        9.6,
        18
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gpt-oss-20b",
       "needed_gb": 16.5,
       "speed": [
        22,
        41
       ],
       "thinking": "yes"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Moderate",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gemma3-27b",
       "needed_gb": 27.2,
       "speed": [
        5.3,
        9.8
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-30b",
       "needed_gb": 22.6,
       "speed": [
        26,
        49
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Slow or Moderate",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-32b",
       "needed_gb": 26.3,
       "speed": [
        4.5,
        8.3
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Slow",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-1-70b",
       "needed_gb": 51.5,
       "speed": [
        2.1,
        3.9
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "gpt-oss-120b",
       "needed_gb": 70.5
      }
     ],
     "usable_gb": 60
    },
    {
     "ram_gb": 128,
     "rows": [
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-2-3b",
       "needed_gb": 5,
       "speed": [
        45,
        83
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6,
       "speed": [
        36,
        67
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gemma3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6.7,
       "speed": [
        27,
        50
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "mistral-7b",
       "needed_gb": 7.8,
       "speed": [
        20,
        38
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-1-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.3,
       "speed": [
        18,
        34
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.9,
       "speed": [
        17,
        32
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gemma3-12b",
       "needed_gb": 15.9,
       "speed": [
        11,
        21
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Moderate or Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "deepseek-r1-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.7,
       "speed": [
        10,
        18
       ],
       "thinking": "yes"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Moderate or Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "phi4-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.9,
       "speed": [
        9.8,
        18
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Moderate or Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.4,
       "speed": [
        9.6,
        18
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gpt-oss-20b",
       "needed_gb": 16.5,
       "speed": [
        22,
        41
       ],
       "thinking": "yes"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Moderate",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gemma3-27b",
       "needed_gb": 27.2,
       "speed": [
        5.3,
        9.8
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-30b",
       "needed_gb": 22.6,
       "speed": [
        26,
        49
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Slow or Moderate",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-32b",
       "needed_gb": 26.3,
       "speed": [
        4.5,
        8.3
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Slow",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-1-70b",
       "needed_gb": 51.5,
       "speed": [
        2.1,
        3.9
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gpt-oss-120b",
       "needed_gb": 70.5,
       "speed": [
        19,
        35
       ],
       "thinking": "yes"
      }
     ],
     "usable_gb": 124
    }
   ],
   "os": "Windows 11",
   "ram_type": "LPDDR5X-8000 onboard",
   "source_urls": [
    "https://rog.asus.com/us/laptops/rog-flow/rog-flow-z13-2025/spec/",
    "https://www.amd.com/en/products/processors/desktops/ryzen/ryzen-ai-halo/ryzen-ai-max-plus-395.html"
   ],
   "url": "/finder/asus-rog-flow-z13-2025-ryzen-ai-max-395/",
   "vram_gb": null,
   "year": 2025
  },
  {
   "bandwidth_gbs": 384,
   "brand": "ASUS",
   "category": "gaming",
   "chip": "AMD Ryzen 9 9955HX3D, 9955HX or 8940HX",
   "cpu": "AMD Ryzen 9 9955HX3D, 9955HX or 8940HX (16 cores)",
   "gpu": "NVIDIA GeForce RTX 5060 Laptop GPU",
   "gpu_type": "discrete",
   "id": "asus-rog-strix-g16-2025-rtx-5060",
   "max_ram_gb": 64,
   "model": "ROG Strix G16 (2025) G614",
   "name": "ASUS ROG Strix G16 (2025) G614",
   "notes": "The spec page lists 16GB and 8GB x2 and 16GB x2 SO-DIMM kits with a 64GB maximum (two slots). GPU bandwidth from NVIDIA's RTX 50 laptop page.",
   "options": [
    {
     "ram_gb": 16,
     "rows": [
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-2-3b",
       "needed_gb": 5,
       "speed": [
        67,
        125
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6,
       "speed": [
        54,
        100
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gemma3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6.7,
       "speed": [
        41,
        76
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Tight",
       "model": "mistral-7b",
       "needed_gb": 7.8,
       "speed": [
        31,
        57
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Slow or Moderate",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "llama-3-1-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.3,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        4.1,
        7.6
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Slow or Moderate",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "qwen3-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.9,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        3.9,
        7.2
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Slow",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "gemma3-12b",
       "needed_gb": 15.9,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        2.5,
        4.6
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Slow",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "deepseek-r1-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.7,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        2.2,
        4.2
       ],
       "thinking": "yes"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Slow",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "phi4-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.9,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        2.2,
        4.1
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Slow",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "qwen3-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.4,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        2.2,
        4
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Moderate",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "gpt-oss-20b",
       "needed_gb": 16.5,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        5,
        9.3
       ],
       "thinking": "yes"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "gemma3-27b",
       "needed_gb": 27.2
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "qwen3-30b",
       "needed_gb": 22.6
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "qwen3-32b",
       "needed_gb": 26.3
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "llama-3-1-70b",
       "needed_gb": 51.5
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "gpt-oss-120b",
       "needed_gb": 70.5
      }
     ],
     "usable_gb": 8
    },
    {
     "ram_gb": 32,
     "rows": [
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-2-3b",
       "needed_gb": 5,
       "speed": [
        67,
        125
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6,
       "speed": [
        54,
        100
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gemma3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6.7,
       "speed": [
        41,
        76
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Tight",
       "model": "mistral-7b",
       "needed_gb": 7.8,
       "speed": [
        31,
        57
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Slow or Moderate",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "llama-3-1-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.3,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        4.1,
        7.6
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Slow or Moderate",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "qwen3-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.9,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        3.9,
        7.2
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Slow",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "gemma3-12b",
       "needed_gb": 15.9,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        2.5,
        4.6
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Slow",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "deepseek-r1-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.7,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        2.2,
        4.2
       ],
       "thinking": "yes"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Slow",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "phi4-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.9,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        2.2,
        4.1
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Slow",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "qwen3-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.4,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        2.2,
        4
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Moderate",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "gpt-oss-20b",
       "needed_gb": 16.5,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        5,
        9.3
       ],
       "thinking": "yes"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Slow",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "gemma3-27b",
       "needed_gb": 27.2,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        1.2,
        2.2
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Moderate or Fast",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "qwen3-30b",
       "needed_gb": 22.6,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        5.9,
        11
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Slow",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "qwen3-32b",
       "needed_gb": 26.3,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        1,
        1.9
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "llama-3-1-70b",
       "needed_gb": 51.5
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "gpt-oss-120b",
       "needed_gb": 70.5
      }
     ],
     "usable_gb": 8
    },
    {
     "ram_gb": 64,
     "rows": [
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-2-3b",
       "needed_gb": 5,
       "speed": [
        67,
        125
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6,
       "speed": [
        54,
        100
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gemma3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6.7,
       "speed": [
        41,
        76
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Tight",
       "model": "mistral-7b",
       "needed_gb": 7.8,
       "speed": [
        31,
        57
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Slow or Moderate",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "llama-3-1-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.3,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        4.1,
        7.6
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Slow or Moderate",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "qwen3-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.9,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        3.9,
        7.2
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Slow",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "gemma3-12b",
       "needed_gb": 15.9,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        2.5,
        4.6
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Slow",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "deepseek-r1-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.7,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        2.2,
        4.2
       ],
       "thinking": "yes"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Slow",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "phi4-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.9,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        2.2,
        4.1
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Slow",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "qwen3-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.4,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        2.2,
        4
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Moderate",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "gpt-oss-20b",
       "needed_gb": 16.5,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        5,
        9.3
       ],
       "thinking": "yes"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Slow",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "gemma3-27b",
       "needed_gb": 27.2,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        1.2,
        2.2
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Moderate or Fast",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "qwen3-30b",
       "needed_gb": 22.6,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        5.9,
        11
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Slow",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "qwen3-32b",
       "needed_gb": 26.3,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        1,
        1.9
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Slow",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "llama-3-1-70b",
       "needed_gb": 51.5,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        0.5,
        0.9
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "gpt-oss-120b",
       "needed_gb": 70.5
      }
     ],
     "usable_gb": 8
    }
   ],
   "os": "Windows 11",
   "ram_type": "DDR5 SO-DIMM",
   "source_urls": [
    "https://rog.asus.com/us/laptops/rog-strix/rog-strix-g16-2025-g614/spec/",
    "https://www.nvidia.com/en-us/geforce/laptops/50-series/"
   ],
   "url": "/finder/asus-rog-strix-g16-2025-rtx-5060/",
   "vram_gb": 8,
   "year": 2025
  },
  {
   "bandwidth_gbs": 672,
   "brand": "ASUS",
   "category": "gaming",
   "chip": "AMD Ryzen 9 9955HX3D, 9955HX or 8940HX",
   "cpu": "AMD Ryzen 9 9955HX3D, 9955HX or 8940HX (16 cores)",
   "gpu": "NVIDIA GeForce RTX 5070 Ti Laptop GPU",
   "gpu_type": "discrete",
   "id": "asus-rog-strix-g16-2025-rtx-5070-ti",
   "max_ram_gb": 64,
   "model": "ROG Strix G16 (2025) G614",
   "name": "ASUS ROG Strix G16 (2025) G614",
   "notes": "The spec page lists 16GB and 8GB x2 and 16GB x2 SO-DIMM kits with a 64GB maximum (two slots). GPU bandwidth from NVIDIA's RTX 50 laptop page.",
   "options": [
    {
     "ram_gb": 16,
     "rows": [
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-2-3b",
       "needed_gb": 5,
       "speed": [
        118,
        218
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6,
       "speed": [
        94,
        175
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gemma3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6.7,
       "speed": [
        71,
        132
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "mistral-7b",
       "needed_gb": 7.8,
       "speed": [
        53,
        99
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-1-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.3,
       "speed": [
        48,
        89
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.9,
       "speed": [
        45,
        84
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Slow or Moderate",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "gemma3-12b",
       "needed_gb": 15.9,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        4.4,
        8.1
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Slow or Moderate",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "deepseek-r1-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.7,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        3.9,
        7.3
       ],
       "thinking": "yes"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Slow or Moderate",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "phi4-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.9,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        3.9,
        7.2
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Slow or Moderate",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "qwen3-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.4,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        3.8,
        7
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Moderate or Fast",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "gpt-oss-20b",
       "needed_gb": 16.5,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        8.8,
        16
       ],
       "thinking": "yes"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "gemma3-27b",
       "needed_gb": 27.2
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "qwen3-30b",
       "needed_gb": 22.6,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        10,
        19
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "qwen3-32b",
       "needed_gb": 26.3
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "llama-3-1-70b",
       "needed_gb": 51.5
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "gpt-oss-120b",
       "needed_gb": 70.5
      }
     ],
     "usable_gb": 12
    },
    {
     "ram_gb": 32,
     "rows": [
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-2-3b",
       "needed_gb": 5,
       "speed": [
        118,
        218
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6,
       "speed": [
        94,
        175
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gemma3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6.7,
       "speed": [
        71,
        132
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "mistral-7b",
       "needed_gb": 7.8,
       "speed": [
        53,
        99
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-1-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.3,
       "speed": [
        48,
        89
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.9,
       "speed": [
        45,
        84
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Slow or Moderate",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "gemma3-12b",
       "needed_gb": 15.9,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        4.4,
        8.1
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Slow or Moderate",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "deepseek-r1-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.7,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        3.9,
        7.3
       ],
       "thinking": "yes"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Slow or Moderate",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "phi4-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.9,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        3.9,
        7.2
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Slow or Moderate",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "qwen3-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.4,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        3.8,
        7
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Moderate or Fast",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "gpt-oss-20b",
       "needed_gb": 16.5,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        8.8,
        16
       ],
       "thinking": "yes"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Slow",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "gemma3-27b",
       "needed_gb": 27.2,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        2.1,
        3.9
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "qwen3-30b",
       "needed_gb": 22.6,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        10,
        19
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Slow",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "qwen3-32b",
       "needed_gb": 26.3,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        1.8,
        3.3
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "llama-3-1-70b",
       "needed_gb": 51.5
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "gpt-oss-120b",
       "needed_gb": 70.5
      }
     ],
     "usable_gb": 12
    },
    {
     "ram_gb": 64,
     "rows": [
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-2-3b",
       "needed_gb": 5,
       "speed": [
        118,
        218
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6,
       "speed": [
        94,
        175
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gemma3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6.7,
       "speed": [
        71,
        132
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "mistral-7b",
       "needed_gb": 7.8,
       "speed": [
        53,
        99
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-1-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.3,
       "speed": [
        48,
        89
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.9,
       "speed": [
        45,
        84
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Slow or Moderate",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "gemma3-12b",
       "needed_gb": 15.9,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        4.4,
        8.1
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Slow or Moderate",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "deepseek-r1-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.7,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        3.9,
        7.3
       ],
       "thinking": "yes"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Slow or Moderate",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "phi4-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.9,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        3.9,
        7.2
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Slow or Moderate",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "qwen3-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.4,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        3.8,
        7
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Moderate or Fast",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "gpt-oss-20b",
       "needed_gb": 16.5,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        8.8,
        16
       ],
       "thinking": "yes"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Slow",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "gemma3-27b",
       "needed_gb": 27.2,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        2.1,
        3.9
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "qwen3-30b",
       "needed_gb": 22.6,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        10,
        19
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Slow",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "qwen3-32b",
       "needed_gb": 26.3,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        1.8,
        3.3
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Slow",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "llama-3-1-70b",
       "needed_gb": 51.5,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        0.8,
        1.5
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Moderate or Fast",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "gpt-oss-120b",
       "needed_gb": 70.5,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        7.5,
        14
       ],
       "thinking": "yes"
      }
     ],
     "usable_gb": 12
    }
   ],
   "os": "Windows 11",
   "ram_type": "DDR5 SO-DIMM",
   "source_urls": [
    "https://rog.asus.com/us/laptops/rog-strix/rog-strix-g16-2025-g614/spec/",
    "https://www.nvidia.com/en-us/geforce/laptops/50-series/"
   ],
   "url": "/finder/asus-rog-strix-g16-2025-rtx-5070-ti/",
   "vram_gb": 12,
   "year": 2025
  },
  {
   "bandwidth_gbs": 672,
   "brand": "ASUS",
   "category": "gaming",
   "chip": "AMD Ryzen AI 9 HX 370",
   "cpu": "AMD Ryzen AI 9 HX 370 (12 cores)",
   "gpu": "NVIDIA GeForce RTX 5070 Ti Laptop GPU",
   "gpu_type": "discrete",
   "id": "asus-rog-zephyrus-g14-2025-rtx-5070-ti",
   "max_ram_gb": 32,
   "model": "ROG Zephyrus G14 (2025) GA403",
   "name": "ASUS ROG Zephyrus G14 (2025) GA403",
   "notes": "The spec page lists 16GB (LPDDR5X-7500) and 32GB (LPDDR5X-8000) onboard options. GPU bandwidth from NVIDIA's RTX 50 laptop page.",
   "options": [
    {
     "ram_gb": 16,
     "rows": [
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-2-3b",
       "needed_gb": 5,
       "speed": [
        118,
        218
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6,
       "speed": [
        94,
        175
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gemma3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6.7,
       "speed": [
        71,
        132
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "mistral-7b",
       "needed_gb": 7.8,
       "speed": [
        53,
        99
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-1-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.3,
       "speed": [
        48,
        89
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.9,
       "speed": [
        45,
        84
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Slow or Moderate",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "gemma3-12b",
       "needed_gb": 15.9,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        4.4,
        8.1
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Slow or Moderate",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "deepseek-r1-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.7,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        3.9,
        7.3
       ],
       "thinking": "yes"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Slow or Moderate",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "phi4-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.9,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        3.9,
        7.2
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Slow or Moderate",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "qwen3-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.4,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        3.8,
        7
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Moderate or Fast",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "gpt-oss-20b",
       "needed_gb": 16.5,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        8.8,
        16
       ],
       "thinking": "yes"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "gemma3-27b",
       "needed_gb": 27.2
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "qwen3-30b",
       "needed_gb": 22.6,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        10,
        19
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "qwen3-32b",
       "needed_gb": 26.3
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "llama-3-1-70b",
       "needed_gb": 51.5
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "gpt-oss-120b",
       "needed_gb": 70.5
      }
     ],
     "usable_gb": 12
    },
    {
     "ram_gb": 32,
     "rows": [
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-2-3b",
       "needed_gb": 5,
       "speed": [
        118,
        218
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6,
       "speed": [
        94,
        175
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gemma3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6.7,
       "speed": [
        71,
        132
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "mistral-7b",
       "needed_gb": 7.8,
       "speed": [
        53,
        99
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-1-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.3,
       "speed": [
        48,
        89
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.9,
       "speed": [
        45,
        84
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Slow or Moderate",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "gemma3-12b",
       "needed_gb": 15.9,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        4.4,
        8.1
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Slow or Moderate",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "deepseek-r1-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.7,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        3.9,
        7.3
       ],
       "thinking": "yes"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Slow or Moderate",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "phi4-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.9,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        3.9,
        7.2
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Slow or Moderate",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "qwen3-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.4,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        3.8,
        7
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Moderate or Fast",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "gpt-oss-20b",
       "needed_gb": 16.5,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        8.8,
        16
       ],
       "thinking": "yes"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Slow",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "gemma3-27b",
       "needed_gb": 27.2,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        2.1,
        3.9
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "qwen3-30b",
       "needed_gb": 22.6,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        10,
        19
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Slow",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "qwen3-32b",
       "needed_gb": 26.3,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        1.8,
        3.3
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "llama-3-1-70b",
       "needed_gb": 51.5
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "gpt-oss-120b",
       "needed_gb": 70.5
      }
     ],
     "usable_gb": 12
    }
   ],
   "os": "Windows 11",
   "ram_type": "LPDDR5X-7500 or 8000 onboard",
   "source_urls": [
    "https://rog.asus.com/us/laptops/rog-zephyrus/rog-zephyrus-g14-2025/spec/",
    "https://www.nvidia.com/en-us/geforce/laptops/50-series/"
   ],
   "url": "/finder/asus-rog-zephyrus-g14-2025-rtx-5070-ti/",
   "vram_gb": 12,
   "year": 2025
  },
  {
   "bandwidth_gbs": 896,
   "brand": "ASUS",
   "category": "gaming",
   "chip": "AMD Ryzen AI 9 HX 370",
   "cpu": "AMD Ryzen AI 9 HX 370 (12 cores)",
   "gpu": "NVIDIA GeForce RTX 5080 Laptop GPU",
   "gpu_type": "discrete",
   "id": "asus-rog-zephyrus-g14-2025-rtx-5080",
   "max_ram_gb": 32,
   "model": "ROG Zephyrus G14 (2025) GA403",
   "name": "ASUS ROG Zephyrus G14 (2025) GA403",
   "notes": "The spec page lists 16GB (LPDDR5X-7500) and 32GB (LPDDR5X-8000) onboard options. GPU bandwidth from NVIDIA's RTX 50 laptop page.",
   "options": [
    {
     "ram_gb": 16,
     "rows": [
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-2-3b",
       "needed_gb": 5,
       "speed": [
        157,
        291
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6,
       "speed": [
        125,
        233
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gemma3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6.7,
       "speed": [
        95,
        176
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "mistral-7b",
       "needed_gb": 7.8,
       "speed": [
        71,
        132
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-1-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.3,
       "speed": [
        64,
        119
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.9,
       "speed": [
        60,
        112
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Tight",
       "model": "gemma3-12b",
       "needed_gb": 15.9,
       "speed": [
        39,
        72
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "deepseek-r1-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.7,
       "speed": [
        35,
        65
       ],
       "thinking": "yes"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "phi4-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.9,
       "speed": [
        34,
        64
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.4,
       "speed": [
        34,
        63
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "gpt-oss-20b",
       "needed_gb": 16.5,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        12,
        22
       ],
       "thinking": "yes"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Slow or Moderate",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "gemma3-27b",
       "needed_gb": 27.2,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        2.8,
        5.1
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "qwen3-30b",
       "needed_gb": 22.6,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        14,
        25
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Slow",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "qwen3-32b",
       "needed_gb": 26.3,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        2.4,
        4.4
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "llama-3-1-70b",
       "needed_gb": 51.5
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "gpt-oss-120b",
       "needed_gb": 70.5
      }
     ],
     "usable_gb": 16
    },
    {
     "ram_gb": 32,
     "rows": [
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-2-3b",
       "needed_gb": 5,
       "speed": [
        157,
        291
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6,
       "speed": [
        125,
        233
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gemma3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6.7,
       "speed": [
        95,
        176
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "mistral-7b",
       "needed_gb": 7.8,
       "speed": [
        71,
        132
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-1-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.3,
       "speed": [
        64,
        119
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.9,
       "speed": [
        60,
        112
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Tight",
       "model": "gemma3-12b",
       "needed_gb": 15.9,
       "speed": [
        39,
        72
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "deepseek-r1-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.7,
       "speed": [
        35,
        65
       ],
       "thinking": "yes"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "phi4-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.9,
       "speed": [
        34,
        64
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.4,
       "speed": [
        34,
        63
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "gpt-oss-20b",
       "needed_gb": 16.5,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        12,
        22
       ],
       "thinking": "yes"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Slow or Moderate",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "gemma3-27b",
       "needed_gb": 27.2,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        2.8,
        5.1
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "qwen3-30b",
       "needed_gb": 22.6,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        14,
        25
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Slow",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "qwen3-32b",
       "needed_gb": 26.3,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        2.4,
        4.4
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "llama-3-1-70b",
       "needed_gb": 51.5
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "gpt-oss-120b",
       "needed_gb": 70.5
      }
     ],
     "usable_gb": 16
    }
   ],
   "os": "Windows 11",
   "ram_type": "LPDDR5X-7500 or 8000 onboard",
   "source_urls": [
    "https://rog.asus.com/us/laptops/rog-zephyrus/rog-zephyrus-g14-2025/spec/",
    "https://www.nvidia.com/en-us/geforce/laptops/50-series/"
   ],
   "url": "/finder/asus-rog-zephyrus-g14-2025-rtx-5080/",
   "vram_gb": 16,
   "year": 2025
  },
  {
   "bandwidth_gbs": 672,
   "brand": "ASUS",
   "category": "gaming",
   "chip": "Intel Core Ultra 9 285H",
   "cpu": "Intel Core Ultra 9 285H (16 cores)",
   "gpu": "NVIDIA GeForce RTX 5070 Ti Laptop GPU",
   "gpu_type": "discrete",
   "id": "asus-rog-zephyrus-g16-2025-gu605-rtx-5070-ti",
   "max_ram_gb": 64,
   "model": "ROG Zephyrus G16 (2025) GU605",
   "name": "ASUS ROG Zephyrus G16 (2025) GU605",
   "notes": "Memory is soldered; the page lists 16, 32 and 64GB across configurations. GPU bandwidth from NVIDIA's RTX 50 laptop page.",
   "options": [
    {
     "ram_gb": 16,
     "rows": [
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-2-3b",
       "needed_gb": 5,
       "speed": [
        118,
        218
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6,
       "speed": [
        94,
        175
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gemma3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6.7,
       "speed": [
        71,
        132
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "mistral-7b",
       "needed_gb": 7.8,
       "speed": [
        53,
        99
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-1-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.3,
       "speed": [
        48,
        89
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.9,
       "speed": [
        45,
        84
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Slow or Moderate",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "gemma3-12b",
       "needed_gb": 15.9,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        4.4,
        8.1
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Slow or Moderate",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "deepseek-r1-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.7,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        3.9,
        7.3
       ],
       "thinking": "yes"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Slow or Moderate",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "phi4-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.9,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        3.9,
        7.2
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Slow or Moderate",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "qwen3-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.4,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        3.8,
        7
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Moderate or Fast",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "gpt-oss-20b",
       "needed_gb": 16.5,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        8.8,
        16
       ],
       "thinking": "yes"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "gemma3-27b",
       "needed_gb": 27.2
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "qwen3-30b",
       "needed_gb": 22.6,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        10,
        19
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "qwen3-32b",
       "needed_gb": 26.3
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "llama-3-1-70b",
       "needed_gb": 51.5
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "gpt-oss-120b",
       "needed_gb": 70.5
      }
     ],
     "usable_gb": 12
    },
    {
     "ram_gb": 32,
     "rows": [
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-2-3b",
       "needed_gb": 5,
       "speed": [
        118,
        218
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6,
       "speed": [
        94,
        175
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gemma3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6.7,
       "speed": [
        71,
        132
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "mistral-7b",
       "needed_gb": 7.8,
       "speed": [
        53,
        99
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-1-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.3,
       "speed": [
        48,
        89
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.9,
       "speed": [
        45,
        84
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Slow or Moderate",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "gemma3-12b",
       "needed_gb": 15.9,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        4.4,
        8.1
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Slow or Moderate",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "deepseek-r1-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.7,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        3.9,
        7.3
       ],
       "thinking": "yes"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Slow or Moderate",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "phi4-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.9,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        3.9,
        7.2
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Slow or Moderate",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "qwen3-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.4,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        3.8,
        7
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Moderate or Fast",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "gpt-oss-20b",
       "needed_gb": 16.5,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        8.8,
        16
       ],
       "thinking": "yes"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Slow",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "gemma3-27b",
       "needed_gb": 27.2,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        2.1,
        3.9
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "qwen3-30b",
       "needed_gb": 22.6,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        10,
        19
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Slow",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "qwen3-32b",
       "needed_gb": 26.3,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        1.8,
        3.3
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "llama-3-1-70b",
       "needed_gb": 51.5
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "gpt-oss-120b",
       "needed_gb": 70.5
      }
     ],
     "usable_gb": 12
    },
    {
     "ram_gb": 64,
     "rows": [
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-2-3b",
       "needed_gb": 5,
       "speed": [
        118,
        218
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6,
       "speed": [
        94,
        175
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gemma3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6.7,
       "speed": [
        71,
        132
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "mistral-7b",
       "needed_gb": 7.8,
       "speed": [
        53,
        99
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-1-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.3,
       "speed": [
        48,
        89
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.9,
       "speed": [
        45,
        84
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Slow or Moderate",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "gemma3-12b",
       "needed_gb": 15.9,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        4.4,
        8.1
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Slow or Moderate",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "deepseek-r1-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.7,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        3.9,
        7.3
       ],
       "thinking": "yes"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Slow or Moderate",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "phi4-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.9,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        3.9,
        7.2
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Slow or Moderate",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "qwen3-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.4,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        3.8,
        7
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Moderate or Fast",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "gpt-oss-20b",
       "needed_gb": 16.5,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        8.8,
        16
       ],
       "thinking": "yes"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Slow",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "gemma3-27b",
       "needed_gb": 27.2,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        2.1,
        3.9
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "qwen3-30b",
       "needed_gb": 22.6,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        10,
        19
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Slow",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "qwen3-32b",
       "needed_gb": 26.3,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        1.8,
        3.3
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Slow",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "llama-3-1-70b",
       "needed_gb": 51.5,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        0.8,
        1.5
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Moderate or Fast",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "gpt-oss-120b",
       "needed_gb": 70.5,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        7.5,
        14
       ],
       "thinking": "yes"
      }
     ],
     "usable_gb": 12
    }
   ],
   "os": "Windows 11",
   "ram_type": "LPDDR5X-7467 onboard",
   "source_urls": [
    "https://rog.asus.com/us/laptops/rog-zephyrus/rog-zephyrus-g16-2025-gu605/spec/",
    "https://www.nvidia.com/en-us/geforce/laptops/50-series/"
   ],
   "url": "/finder/asus-rog-zephyrus-g16-2025-gu605-rtx-5070-ti/",
   "vram_gb": 12,
   "year": 2025
  },
  {
   "bandwidth_gbs": 896,
   "brand": "ASUS",
   "category": "gaming",
   "chip": "Intel Core Ultra 9 285H",
   "cpu": "Intel Core Ultra 9 285H (16 cores)",
   "gpu": "NVIDIA GeForce RTX 5080 Laptop GPU",
   "gpu_type": "discrete",
   "id": "asus-rog-zephyrus-g16-2025-gu605-rtx-5080",
   "max_ram_gb": 64,
   "model": "ROG Zephyrus G16 (2025) GU605",
   "name": "ASUS ROG Zephyrus G16 (2025) GU605",
   "notes": "Memory is soldered; the page lists 16, 32 and 64GB across configurations. GPU bandwidth from NVIDIA's RTX 50 laptop page.",
   "options": [
    {
     "ram_gb": 16,
     "rows": [
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-2-3b",
       "needed_gb": 5,
       "speed": [
        157,
        291
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6,
       "speed": [
        125,
        233
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gemma3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6.7,
       "speed": [
        95,
        176
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "mistral-7b",
       "needed_gb": 7.8,
       "speed": [
        71,
        132
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-1-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.3,
       "speed": [
        64,
        119
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.9,
       "speed": [
        60,
        112
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Tight",
       "model": "gemma3-12b",
       "needed_gb": 15.9,
       "speed": [
        39,
        72
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "deepseek-r1-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.7,
       "speed": [
        35,
        65
       ],
       "thinking": "yes"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "phi4-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.9,
       "speed": [
        34,
        64
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.4,
       "speed": [
        34,
        63
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "gpt-oss-20b",
       "needed_gb": 16.5,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        12,
        22
       ],
       "thinking": "yes"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Slow or Moderate",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "gemma3-27b",
       "needed_gb": 27.2,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        2.8,
        5.1
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "qwen3-30b",
       "needed_gb": 22.6,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        14,
        25
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Slow",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "qwen3-32b",
       "needed_gb": 26.3,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        2.4,
        4.4
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "llama-3-1-70b",
       "needed_gb": 51.5
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "gpt-oss-120b",
       "needed_gb": 70.5
      }
     ],
     "usable_gb": 16
    },
    {
     "ram_gb": 32,
     "rows": [
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-2-3b",
       "needed_gb": 5,
       "speed": [
        157,
        291
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6,
       "speed": [
        125,
        233
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gemma3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6.7,
       "speed": [
        95,
        176
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "mistral-7b",
       "needed_gb": 7.8,
       "speed": [
        71,
        132
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-1-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.3,
       "speed": [
        64,
        119
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.9,
       "speed": [
        60,
        112
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Tight",
       "model": "gemma3-12b",
       "needed_gb": 15.9,
       "speed": [
        39,
        72
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "deepseek-r1-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.7,
       "speed": [
        35,
        65
       ],
       "thinking": "yes"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "phi4-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.9,
       "speed": [
        34,
        64
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.4,
       "speed": [
        34,
        63
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "gpt-oss-20b",
       "needed_gb": 16.5,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        12,
        22
       ],
       "thinking": "yes"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Slow or Moderate",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "gemma3-27b",
       "needed_gb": 27.2,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        2.8,
        5.1
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "qwen3-30b",
       "needed_gb": 22.6,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        14,
        25
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Slow",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "qwen3-32b",
       "needed_gb": 26.3,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        2.4,
        4.4
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "llama-3-1-70b",
       "needed_gb": 51.5
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "gpt-oss-120b",
       "needed_gb": 70.5
      }
     ],
     "usable_gb": 16
    },
    {
     "ram_gb": 64,
     "rows": [
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-2-3b",
       "needed_gb": 5,
       "speed": [
        157,
        291
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6,
       "speed": [
        125,
        233
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gemma3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6.7,
       "speed": [
        95,
        176
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "mistral-7b",
       "needed_gb": 7.8,
       "speed": [
        71,
        132
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-1-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.3,
       "speed": [
        64,
        119
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.9,
       "speed": [
        60,
        112
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Tight",
       "model": "gemma3-12b",
       "needed_gb": 15.9,
       "speed": [
        39,
        72
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "deepseek-r1-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.7,
       "speed": [
        35,
        65
       ],
       "thinking": "yes"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "phi4-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.9,
       "speed": [
        34,
        64
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.4,
       "speed": [
        34,
        63
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "gpt-oss-20b",
       "needed_gb": 16.5,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        12,
        22
       ],
       "thinking": "yes"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Slow or Moderate",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "gemma3-27b",
       "needed_gb": 27.2,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        2.8,
        5.1
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "qwen3-30b",
       "needed_gb": 22.6,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        14,
        25
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Slow",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "qwen3-32b",
       "needed_gb": 26.3,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        2.4,
        4.4
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Slow",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "llama-3-1-70b",
       "needed_gb": 51.5,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        1.1,
        2
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Moderate or Fast",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "gpt-oss-120b",
       "needed_gb": 70.5,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        10,
        18
       ],
       "thinking": "yes"
      }
     ],
     "usable_gb": 16
    }
   ],
   "os": "Windows 11",
   "ram_type": "LPDDR5X-7467 onboard",
   "source_urls": [
    "https://rog.asus.com/us/laptops/rog-zephyrus/rog-zephyrus-g16-2025-gu605/spec/",
    "https://www.nvidia.com/en-us/geforce/laptops/50-series/"
   ],
   "url": "/finder/asus-rog-zephyrus-g16-2025-gu605-rtx-5080/",
   "vram_gb": 16,
   "year": 2025
  },
  {
   "bandwidth_gbs": 896,
   "brand": "ASUS",
   "category": "gaming",
   "chip": "Intel Core Ultra 9 285H",
   "cpu": "Intel Core Ultra 9 285H (16 cores)",
   "gpu": "NVIDIA GeForce RTX 5090 Laptop GPU",
   "gpu_type": "discrete",
   "id": "asus-rog-zephyrus-g16-2025-gu605-rtx-5090",
   "max_ram_gb": 64,
   "model": "ROG Zephyrus G16 (2025) GU605",
   "name": "ASUS ROG Zephyrus G16 (2025) GU605",
   "notes": "Memory is soldered; the page lists 16, 32 and 64GB across configurations. GPU bandwidth from NVIDIA's RTX 50 laptop page.",
   "options": [
    {
     "ram_gb": 16,
     "rows": [
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-2-3b",
       "needed_gb": 5,
       "speed": [
        157,
        291
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6,
       "speed": [
        125,
        233
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gemma3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6.7,
       "speed": [
        95,
        176
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "mistral-7b",
       "needed_gb": 7.8,
       "speed": [
        71,
        132
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-1-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.3,
       "speed": [
        64,
        119
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.9,
       "speed": [
        60,
        112
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gemma3-12b",
       "needed_gb": 15.9,
       "speed": [
        39,
        72
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "deepseek-r1-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.7,
       "speed": [
        35,
        65
       ],
       "thinking": "yes"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "phi4-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.9,
       "speed": [
        34,
        64
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.4,
       "speed": [
        34,
        63
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gpt-oss-20b",
       "needed_gb": 16.5,
       "speed": [
        78,
        145
       ],
       "thinking": "yes"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Slow or Moderate",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "gemma3-27b",
       "needed_gb": 27.2,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        2.8,
        5.1
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Tight",
       "model": "qwen3-30b",
       "needed_gb": 22.6,
       "speed": [
        92,
        170
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Slow",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "qwen3-32b",
       "needed_gb": 26.3,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        2.4,
        4.4
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "llama-3-1-70b",
       "needed_gb": 51.5
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "gpt-oss-120b",
       "needed_gb": 70.5
      }
     ],
     "usable_gb": 24
    },
    {
     "ram_gb": 32,
     "rows": [
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-2-3b",
       "needed_gb": 5,
       "speed": [
        157,
        291
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6,
       "speed": [
        125,
        233
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gemma3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6.7,
       "speed": [
        95,
        176
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "mistral-7b",
       "needed_gb": 7.8,
       "speed": [
        71,
        132
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-1-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.3,
       "speed": [
        64,
        119
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.9,
       "speed": [
        60,
        112
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gemma3-12b",
       "needed_gb": 15.9,
       "speed": [
        39,
        72
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "deepseek-r1-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.7,
       "speed": [
        35,
        65
       ],
       "thinking": "yes"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "phi4-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.9,
       "speed": [
        34,
        64
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.4,
       "speed": [
        34,
        63
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gpt-oss-20b",
       "needed_gb": 16.5,
       "speed": [
        78,
        145
       ],
       "thinking": "yes"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Slow or Moderate",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "gemma3-27b",
       "needed_gb": 27.2,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        2.8,
        5.1
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Tight",
       "model": "qwen3-30b",
       "needed_gb": 22.6,
       "speed": [
        92,
        170
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Slow",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "qwen3-32b",
       "needed_gb": 26.3,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        2.4,
        4.4
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Slow",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "llama-3-1-70b",
       "needed_gb": 51.5,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        1.1,
        2
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "gpt-oss-120b",
       "needed_gb": 70.5
      }
     ],
     "usable_gb": 24
    },
    {
     "ram_gb": 64,
     "rows": [
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-2-3b",
       "needed_gb": 5,
       "speed": [
        157,
        291
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6,
       "speed": [
        125,
        233
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gemma3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6.7,
       "speed": [
        95,
        176
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "mistral-7b",
       "needed_gb": 7.8,
       "speed": [
        71,
        132
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-1-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.3,
       "speed": [
        64,
        119
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.9,
       "speed": [
        60,
        112
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gemma3-12b",
       "needed_gb": 15.9,
       "speed": [
        39,
        72
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "deepseek-r1-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.7,
       "speed": [
        35,
        65
       ],
       "thinking": "yes"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "phi4-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.9,
       "speed": [
        34,
        64
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.4,
       "speed": [
        34,
        63
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gpt-oss-20b",
       "needed_gb": 16.5,
       "speed": [
        78,
        145
       ],
       "thinking": "yes"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Slow or Moderate",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "gemma3-27b",
       "needed_gb": 27.2,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        2.8,
        5.1
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Tight",
       "model": "qwen3-30b",
       "needed_gb": 22.6,
       "speed": [
        92,
        170
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Slow",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "qwen3-32b",
       "needed_gb": 26.3,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        2.4,
        4.4
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Slow",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "llama-3-1-70b",
       "needed_gb": 51.5,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        1.1,
        2
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Moderate or Fast",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "gpt-oss-120b",
       "needed_gb": 70.5,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        10,
        18
       ],
       "thinking": "yes"
      }
     ],
     "usable_gb": 24
    }
   ],
   "os": "Windows 11",
   "ram_type": "LPDDR5X-7467 onboard",
   "source_urls": [
    "https://rog.asus.com/us/laptops/rog-zephyrus/rog-zephyrus-g16-2025-gu605/spec/",
    "https://www.nvidia.com/en-us/geforce/laptops/50-series/"
   ],
   "url": "/finder/asus-rog-zephyrus-g16-2025-gu605-rtx-5090/",
   "vram_gb": 24,
   "year": 2025
  },
  {
   "bandwidth_gbs": 135,
   "brand": "ASUS",
   "category": "copilot-pc",
   "chip": "Snapdragon X Plus or X Elite",
   "cpu": "Snapdragon X Plus X1P-64-100, X1P-42-100 or X Elite X1E-78-100",
   "gpu": "Qualcomm Adreno",
   "gpu_type": "integrated",
   "id": "asus-vivobook-s-15-s5507",
   "max_ram_gb": 32,
   "model": "Vivobook S 15 (S5507)",
   "name": "ASUS Vivobook S 15 (S5507)",
   "notes": "Bandwidth is Qualcomm's figure for the Snapdragon X Elite and X Plus families.",
   "options": [
    {
     "ram_gb": 16,
     "rows": [
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-2-3b",
       "needed_gb": 5,
       "speed": [
        24,
        44
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6,
       "speed": [
        19,
        35
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gemma3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6.7,
       "speed": [
        14,
        27
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "mistral-7b",
       "needed_gb": 7.8,
       "speed": [
        11,
        20
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Moderate or Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-1-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.3,
       "speed": [
        9.6,
        18
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Moderate or Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.9,
       "speed": [
        9.1,
        17
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "gemma3-12b",
       "needed_gb": 15.9
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "deepseek-r1-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.7
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "phi4-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.9
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "qwen3-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.4
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "gpt-oss-20b",
       "needed_gb": 16.5
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "gemma3-27b",
       "needed_gb": 27.2
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "qwen3-30b",
       "needed_gb": 22.6
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "qwen3-32b",
       "needed_gb": 26.3
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "llama-3-1-70b",
       "needed_gb": 51.5
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "gpt-oss-120b",
       "needed_gb": 70.5
      }
     ],
     "usable_gb": 12
    },
    {
     "ram_gb": 32,
     "rows": [
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-2-3b",
       "needed_gb": 5,
       "speed": [
        24,
        44
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6,
       "speed": [
        19,
        35
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gemma3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6.7,
       "speed": [
        14,
        27
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "mistral-7b",
       "needed_gb": 7.8,
       "speed": [
        11,
        20
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Moderate or Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-1-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.3,
       "speed": [
        9.6,
        18
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Moderate or Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.9,
       "speed": [
        9.1,
        17
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Moderate or Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gemma3-12b",
       "needed_gb": 15.9,
       "speed": [
        5.8,
        11
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Moderate",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "deepseek-r1-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.7,
       "speed": [
        5.2,
        9.8
       ],
       "thinking": "yes"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Moderate",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "phi4-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.9,
       "speed": [
        5.2,
        9.6
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Moderate",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.4,
       "speed": [
        5.1,
        9.4
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gpt-oss-20b",
       "needed_gb": 16.5,
       "speed": [
        12,
        22
       ],
       "thinking": "yes"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Slow or Moderate",
       "fit": "Tight",
       "model": "gemma3-27b",
       "needed_gb": 27.2,
       "speed": [
        2.8,
        5.2
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-30b",
       "needed_gb": 22.6,
       "speed": [
        14,
        26
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Slow",
       "fit": "Tight",
       "model": "qwen3-32b",
       "needed_gb": 26.3,
       "speed": [
        2.4,
        4.4
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "llama-3-1-70b",
       "needed_gb": 51.5
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "gpt-oss-120b",
       "needed_gb": 70.5
      }
     ],
     "usable_gb": 28
    }
   ],
   "os": "Windows 11",
   "ram_type": "LPDDR5X on board",
   "source_urls": [
    "https://www.asus.com/laptops/for-home/vivobook/asus-vivobook-s-15-s5507/techspec/",
    "https://www.qualcomm.com/content/dam/qcomm-martech/dm-assets/documents/Product-Brief-Snapdragon-X-Elite.pdf",
    "https://www.qualcomm.com/content/dam/qcomm-martech/dm-assets/documents/Snapdragon-X-Plus-8-Core-Product-Brief.pdf"
   ],
   "url": "/finder/asus-vivobook-s-15-s5507/",
   "vram_gb": null,
   "year": null
  },
  {
   "bandwidth_gbs": null,
   "brand": "ASUS",
   "category": "copilot-pc",
   "chip": "Intel Core Ultra 7 258V",
   "cpu": "Intel Core Ultra 7 258V (8 cores)",
   "gpu": "Intel Arc (integrated)",
   "gpu_type": "integrated",
   "id": "asus-zenbook-s-14-ux5406",
   "max_ram_gb": 32,
   "model": "Zenbook S 14 (UX5406)",
   "name": "ASUS Zenbook S 14 (UX5406)",
   "notes": "The spec page lists 32GB as both configuration and maximum. Intel does not publish a bandwidth figure on its product pages, so it is left empty.",
   "options": [
    {
     "ram_gb": 32,
     "rows": [
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Not known",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-2-3b",
       "needed_gb": 5,
       "note": "Speed is not known: no sourced memory bandwidth for this laptop."
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Not known",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6,
       "note": "Speed is not known: no sourced memory bandwidth for this laptop.",
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Not known",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gemma3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6.7,
       "note": "Speed is not known: no sourced memory bandwidth for this laptop."
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Not known",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "mistral-7b",
       "needed_gb": 7.8,
       "note": "Speed is not known: no sourced memory bandwidth for this laptop."
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Not known",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-1-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.3,
       "note": "Speed is not known: no sourced memory bandwidth for this laptop."
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Not known",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.9,
       "note": "Speed is not known: no sourced memory bandwidth for this laptop.",
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Not known",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gemma3-12b",
       "needed_gb": 15.9,
       "note": "Speed is not known: no sourced memory bandwidth for this laptop."
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Not known",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "deepseek-r1-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.7,
       "note": "Speed is not known: no sourced memory bandwidth for this laptop.",
       "thinking": "yes"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Not known",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "phi4-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.9,
       "note": "Speed is not known: no sourced memory bandwidth for this laptop."
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Not known",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.4,
       "note": "Speed is not known: no sourced memory bandwidth for this laptop.",
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Not known",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gpt-oss-20b",
       "needed_gb": 16.5,
       "note": "Speed is not known: no sourced memory bandwidth for this laptop.",
       "thinking": "yes"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Not known",
       "fit": "Tight",
       "model": "gemma3-27b",
       "needed_gb": 27.2,
       "note": "Speed is not known: no sourced memory bandwidth for this laptop."
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Not known",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-30b",
       "needed_gb": 22.6,
       "note": "Speed is not known: no sourced memory bandwidth for this laptop.",
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Not known",
       "fit": "Tight",
       "model": "qwen3-32b",
       "needed_gb": 26.3,
       "note": "Speed is not known: no sourced memory bandwidth for this laptop.",
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "llama-3-1-70b",
       "needed_gb": 51.5
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "gpt-oss-120b",
       "needed_gb": 70.5
      }
     ],
     "usable_gb": 28
    }
   ],
   "os": "Windows 11",
   "ram_type": "LPDDR5X on package",
   "source_urls": [
    "https://www.asus.com/us/laptops/for-home/zenbook/asus-zenbook-s-14-ux5406/techspec/"
   ],
   "url": "/finder/asus-zenbook-s-14-ux5406/",
   "vram_gb": null,
   "year": null
  },
  {
   "bandwidth_gbs": 672,
   "brand": "Dell",
   "category": "gaming",
   "chip": "Intel Core Ultra HX",
   "cpu": "Intel Core Ultra HX (see Dell page)",
   "gpu": "NVIDIA GeForce RTX 5070 Ti Laptop GPU",
   "gpu_type": "discrete",
   "id": "dell-alienware-16-area-51-aa16250-rtx-5070-ti",
   "max_ram_gb": 64,
   "model": "Alienware 16 Area-51 (AA16250)",
   "name": "Dell Alienware 16 Area-51 (AA16250)",
   "notes": "Dell page lists 16GB, 32GB and 64GB memory options and RTX 5060 to 5090 GPU options. GPU bandwidth from NVIDIA's RTX 50 laptop page.",
   "options": [
    {
     "ram_gb": 16,
     "rows": [
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-2-3b",
       "needed_gb": 5,
       "speed": [
        118,
        218
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6,
       "speed": [
        94,
        175
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gemma3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6.7,
       "speed": [
        71,
        132
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "mistral-7b",
       "needed_gb": 7.8,
       "speed": [
        53,
        99
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-1-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.3,
       "speed": [
        48,
        89
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.9,
       "speed": [
        45,
        84
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Slow or Moderate",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "gemma3-12b",
       "needed_gb": 15.9,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        4.4,
        8.1
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Slow or Moderate",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "deepseek-r1-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.7,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        3.9,
        7.3
       ],
       "thinking": "yes"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Slow or Moderate",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "phi4-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.9,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        3.9,
        7.2
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Slow or Moderate",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "qwen3-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.4,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        3.8,
        7
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Moderate or Fast",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "gpt-oss-20b",
       "needed_gb": 16.5,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        8.8,
        16
       ],
       "thinking": "yes"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "gemma3-27b",
       "needed_gb": 27.2
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "qwen3-30b",
       "needed_gb": 22.6,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        10,
        19
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "qwen3-32b",
       "needed_gb": 26.3
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "llama-3-1-70b",
       "needed_gb": 51.5
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "gpt-oss-120b",
       "needed_gb": 70.5
      }
     ],
     "usable_gb": 12
    },
    {
     "ram_gb": 32,
     "rows": [
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-2-3b",
       "needed_gb": 5,
       "speed": [
        118,
        218
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6,
       "speed": [
        94,
        175
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gemma3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6.7,
       "speed": [
        71,
        132
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "mistral-7b",
       "needed_gb": 7.8,
       "speed": [
        53,
        99
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-1-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.3,
       "speed": [
        48,
        89
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.9,
       "speed": [
        45,
        84
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Slow or Moderate",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "gemma3-12b",
       "needed_gb": 15.9,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        4.4,
        8.1
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Slow or Moderate",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "deepseek-r1-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.7,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        3.9,
        7.3
       ],
       "thinking": "yes"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Slow or Moderate",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "phi4-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.9,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        3.9,
        7.2
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Slow or Moderate",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "qwen3-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.4,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        3.8,
        7
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Moderate or Fast",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "gpt-oss-20b",
       "needed_gb": 16.5,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        8.8,
        16
       ],
       "thinking": "yes"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Slow",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "gemma3-27b",
       "needed_gb": 27.2,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        2.1,
        3.9
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "qwen3-30b",
       "needed_gb": 22.6,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        10,
        19
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Slow",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "qwen3-32b",
       "needed_gb": 26.3,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        1.8,
        3.3
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "llama-3-1-70b",
       "needed_gb": 51.5
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "gpt-oss-120b",
       "needed_gb": 70.5
      }
     ],
     "usable_gb": 12
    },
    {
     "ram_gb": 64,
     "rows": [
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-2-3b",
       "needed_gb": 5,
       "speed": [
        118,
        218
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6,
       "speed": [
        94,
        175
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gemma3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6.7,
       "speed": [
        71,
        132
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "mistral-7b",
       "needed_gb": 7.8,
       "speed": [
        53,
        99
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-1-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.3,
       "speed": [
        48,
        89
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.9,
       "speed": [
        45,
        84
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Slow or Moderate",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "gemma3-12b",
       "needed_gb": 15.9,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        4.4,
        8.1
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Slow or Moderate",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "deepseek-r1-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.7,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        3.9,
        7.3
       ],
       "thinking": "yes"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Slow or Moderate",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "phi4-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.9,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        3.9,
        7.2
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Slow or Moderate",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "qwen3-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.4,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        3.8,
        7
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Moderate or Fast",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "gpt-oss-20b",
       "needed_gb": 16.5,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        8.8,
        16
       ],
       "thinking": "yes"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Slow",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "gemma3-27b",
       "needed_gb": 27.2,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        2.1,
        3.9
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "qwen3-30b",
       "needed_gb": 22.6,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        10,
        19
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Slow",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "qwen3-32b",
       "needed_gb": 26.3,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        1.8,
        3.3
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Slow",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "llama-3-1-70b",
       "needed_gb": 51.5,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        0.8,
        1.5
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Moderate or Fast",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "gpt-oss-120b",
       "needed_gb": 70.5,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        7.5,
        14
       ],
       "thinking": "yes"
      }
     ],
     "usable_gb": 12
    }
   ],
   "os": "Windows 11",
   "ram_type": "DDR5 up to 6400 MT/s",
   "source_urls": [
    "https://www.dell.com/en-us/shop/dell-laptops/alienware-16-area-51-gaming-laptop/spd/alienware-area-51-aa16250-gaming-laptop",
    "https://www.nvidia.com/en-us/geforce/laptops/50-series/"
   ],
   "url": "/finder/dell-alienware-16-area-51-aa16250-rtx-5070-ti/",
   "vram_gb": 12,
   "year": null
  },
  {
   "bandwidth_gbs": 896,
   "brand": "Dell",
   "category": "gaming",
   "chip": "Intel Core Ultra HX",
   "cpu": "Intel Core Ultra HX (see Dell page)",
   "gpu": "NVIDIA GeForce RTX 5090 Laptop GPU",
   "gpu_type": "discrete",
   "id": "dell-alienware-16-area-51-aa16250-rtx-5090",
   "max_ram_gb": 64,
   "model": "Alienware 16 Area-51 (AA16250)",
   "name": "Dell Alienware 16 Area-51 (AA16250)",
   "notes": "Dell page lists 16GB, 32GB and 64GB memory options and RTX 5060 to 5090 GPU options. GPU bandwidth from NVIDIA's RTX 50 laptop page.",
   "options": [
    {
     "ram_gb": 16,
     "rows": [
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-2-3b",
       "needed_gb": 5,
       "speed": [
        157,
        291
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6,
       "speed": [
        125,
        233
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gemma3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6.7,
       "speed": [
        95,
        176
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "mistral-7b",
       "needed_gb": 7.8,
       "speed": [
        71,
        132
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-1-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.3,
       "speed": [
        64,
        119
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.9,
       "speed": [
        60,
        112
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gemma3-12b",
       "needed_gb": 15.9,
       "speed": [
        39,
        72
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "deepseek-r1-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.7,
       "speed": [
        35,
        65
       ],
       "thinking": "yes"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "phi4-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.9,
       "speed": [
        34,
        64
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.4,
       "speed": [
        34,
        63
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gpt-oss-20b",
       "needed_gb": 16.5,
       "speed": [
        78,
        145
       ],
       "thinking": "yes"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Slow or Moderate",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "gemma3-27b",
       "needed_gb": 27.2,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        2.8,
        5.1
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Tight",
       "model": "qwen3-30b",
       "needed_gb": 22.6,
       "speed": [
        92,
        170
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Slow",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "qwen3-32b",
       "needed_gb": 26.3,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        2.4,
        4.4
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "llama-3-1-70b",
       "needed_gb": 51.5
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "gpt-oss-120b",
       "needed_gb": 70.5
      }
     ],
     "usable_gb": 24
    },
    {
     "ram_gb": 32,
     "rows": [
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-2-3b",
       "needed_gb": 5,
       "speed": [
        157,
        291
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6,
       "speed": [
        125,
        233
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gemma3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6.7,
       "speed": [
        95,
        176
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "mistral-7b",
       "needed_gb": 7.8,
       "speed": [
        71,
        132
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-1-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.3,
       "speed": [
        64,
        119
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.9,
       "speed": [
        60,
        112
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gemma3-12b",
       "needed_gb": 15.9,
       "speed": [
        39,
        72
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "deepseek-r1-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.7,
       "speed": [
        35,
        65
       ],
       "thinking": "yes"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "phi4-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.9,
       "speed": [
        34,
        64
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.4,
       "speed": [
        34,
        63
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gpt-oss-20b",
       "needed_gb": 16.5,
       "speed": [
        78,
        145
       ],
       "thinking": "yes"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Slow or Moderate",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "gemma3-27b",
       "needed_gb": 27.2,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        2.8,
        5.1
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Tight",
       "model": "qwen3-30b",
       "needed_gb": 22.6,
       "speed": [
        92,
        170
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Slow",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "qwen3-32b",
       "needed_gb": 26.3,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        2.4,
        4.4
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Slow",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "llama-3-1-70b",
       "needed_gb": 51.5,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        1.1,
        2
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "gpt-oss-120b",
       "needed_gb": 70.5
      }
     ],
     "usable_gb": 24
    },
    {
     "ram_gb": 64,
     "rows": [
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-2-3b",
       "needed_gb": 5,
       "speed": [
        157,
        291
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6,
       "speed": [
        125,
        233
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gemma3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6.7,
       "speed": [
        95,
        176
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "mistral-7b",
       "needed_gb": 7.8,
       "speed": [
        71,
        132
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-1-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.3,
       "speed": [
        64,
        119
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.9,
       "speed": [
        60,
        112
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gemma3-12b",
       "needed_gb": 15.9,
       "speed": [
        39,
        72
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "deepseek-r1-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.7,
       "speed": [
        35,
        65
       ],
       "thinking": "yes"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "phi4-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.9,
       "speed": [
        34,
        64
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.4,
       "speed": [
        34,
        63
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gpt-oss-20b",
       "needed_gb": 16.5,
       "speed": [
        78,
        145
       ],
       "thinking": "yes"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Slow or Moderate",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "gemma3-27b",
       "needed_gb": 27.2,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        2.8,
        5.1
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Tight",
       "model": "qwen3-30b",
       "needed_gb": 22.6,
       "speed": [
        92,
        170
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Slow",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "qwen3-32b",
       "needed_gb": 26.3,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        2.4,
        4.4
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Slow",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "llama-3-1-70b",
       "needed_gb": 51.5,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        1.1,
        2
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Moderate or Fast",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "gpt-oss-120b",
       "needed_gb": 70.5,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        10,
        18
       ],
       "thinking": "yes"
      }
     ],
     "usable_gb": 24
    }
   ],
   "os": "Windows 11",
   "ram_type": "DDR5 up to 6400 MT/s",
   "source_urls": [
    "https://www.dell.com/en-us/shop/dell-laptops/alienware-16-area-51-gaming-laptop/spd/alienware-area-51-aa16250-gaming-laptop",
    "https://www.nvidia.com/en-us/geforce/laptops/50-series/"
   ],
   "url": "/finder/dell-alienware-16-area-51-aa16250-rtx-5090/",
   "vram_gb": 24,
   "year": null
  },
  {
   "bandwidth_gbs": 135,
   "brand": "Dell",
   "category": "copilot-pc",
   "chip": "Snapdragon X Elite X1E-80-100",
   "cpu": "Snapdragon X Elite X1E-80-100 (12 cores)",
   "gpu": "Qualcomm Adreno",
   "gpu_type": "integrated",
   "id": "dell-xps-13-9345",
   "max_ram_gb": 64,
   "model": "XPS 13 (9345)",
   "name": "Dell XPS 13 (9345)",
   "notes": "Bandwidth is Qualcomm's figure for the Snapdragon X Elite family (X1E-80-100 is listed in its brief).",
   "options": [
    {
     "ram_gb": 16,
     "rows": [
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-2-3b",
       "needed_gb": 5,
       "speed": [
        24,
        44
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6,
       "speed": [
        19,
        35
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gemma3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6.7,
       "speed": [
        14,
        27
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "mistral-7b",
       "needed_gb": 7.8,
       "speed": [
        11,
        20
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Moderate or Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-1-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.3,
       "speed": [
        9.6,
        18
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Moderate or Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.9,
       "speed": [
        9.1,
        17
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "gemma3-12b",
       "needed_gb": 15.9
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "deepseek-r1-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.7
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "phi4-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.9
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "qwen3-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.4
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "gpt-oss-20b",
       "needed_gb": 16.5
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "gemma3-27b",
       "needed_gb": 27.2
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "qwen3-30b",
       "needed_gb": 22.6
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "qwen3-32b",
       "needed_gb": 26.3
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "llama-3-1-70b",
       "needed_gb": 51.5
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "gpt-oss-120b",
       "needed_gb": 70.5
      }
     ],
     "usable_gb": 12
    },
    {
     "ram_gb": 32,
     "rows": [
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-2-3b",
       "needed_gb": 5,
       "speed": [
        24,
        44
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6,
       "speed": [
        19,
        35
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gemma3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6.7,
       "speed": [
        14,
        27
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "mistral-7b",
       "needed_gb": 7.8,
       "speed": [
        11,
        20
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Moderate or Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-1-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.3,
       "speed": [
        9.6,
        18
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Moderate or Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.9,
       "speed": [
        9.1,
        17
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Moderate or Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gemma3-12b",
       "needed_gb": 15.9,
       "speed": [
        5.8,
        11
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Moderate",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "deepseek-r1-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.7,
       "speed": [
        5.2,
        9.8
       ],
       "thinking": "yes"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Moderate",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "phi4-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.9,
       "speed": [
        5.2,
        9.6
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Moderate",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.4,
       "speed": [
        5.1,
        9.4
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gpt-oss-20b",
       "needed_gb": 16.5,
       "speed": [
        12,
        22
       ],
       "thinking": "yes"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Slow or Moderate",
       "fit": "Tight",
       "model": "gemma3-27b",
       "needed_gb": 27.2,
       "speed": [
        2.8,
        5.2
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-30b",
       "needed_gb": 22.6,
       "speed": [
        14,
        26
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Slow",
       "fit": "Tight",
       "model": "qwen3-32b",
       "needed_gb": 26.3,
       "speed": [
        2.4,
        4.4
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "llama-3-1-70b",
       "needed_gb": 51.5
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "gpt-oss-120b",
       "needed_gb": 70.5
      }
     ],
     "usable_gb": 28
    },
    {
     "ram_gb": 64,
     "rows": [
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-2-3b",
       "needed_gb": 5,
       "speed": [
        24,
        44
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6,
       "speed": [
        19,
        35
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gemma3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6.7,
       "speed": [
        14,
        27
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "mistral-7b",
       "needed_gb": 7.8,
       "speed": [
        11,
        20
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Moderate or Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-1-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.3,
       "speed": [
        9.6,
        18
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Moderate or Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.9,
       "speed": [
        9.1,
        17
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Moderate or Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gemma3-12b",
       "needed_gb": 15.9,
       "speed": [
        5.8,
        11
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Moderate",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "deepseek-r1-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.7,
       "speed": [
        5.2,
        9.8
       ],
       "thinking": "yes"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Moderate",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "phi4-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.9,
       "speed": [
        5.2,
        9.6
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Moderate",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.4,
       "speed": [
        5.1,
        9.4
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gpt-oss-20b",
       "needed_gb": 16.5,
       "speed": [
        12,
        22
       ],
       "thinking": "yes"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Slow or Moderate",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gemma3-27b",
       "needed_gb": 27.2,
       "speed": [
        2.8,
        5.2
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-30b",
       "needed_gb": 22.6,
       "speed": [
        14,
        26
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Slow",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-32b",
       "needed_gb": 26.3,
       "speed": [
        2.4,
        4.4
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Slow",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-1-70b",
       "needed_gb": 51.5,
       "speed": [
        1.1,
        2
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "gpt-oss-120b",
       "needed_gb": 70.5
      }
     ],
     "usable_gb": 60
    }
   ],
   "os": "Windows 11",
   "ram_type": "LPDDR5X up to 8448 MT/s",
   "source_urls": [
    "https://www.dell.com/en-us/shop/dell-laptops/xps-13-laptop/spd/xps-13-9345-laptop",
    "https://www.qualcomm.com/content/dam/qcomm-martech/dm-assets/documents/Product-Brief-Snapdragon-X-Elite.pdf"
   ],
   "url": "/finder/dell-xps-13-9345/",
   "vram_gb": null,
   "year": null
  },
  {
   "bandwidth_gbs": null,
   "brand": "HP",
   "category": "business",
   "chip": "Intel Core Ultra 5 or 7 (V series)",
   "cpu": "Intel Core Ultra 5 or 7 200V series",
   "gpu": "Intel Arc (integrated)",
   "gpu_type": "integrated",
   "id": "hp-elitebook-8-g1i-14",
   "max_ram_gb": 32,
   "model": "EliteBook 8 G1i 14",
   "name": "HP EliteBook 8 G1i 14",
   "notes": "The datasheet gives 32GB as the maximum memory; smaller options are not itemised. Intel does not publish a bandwidth figure on its product pages, so it is left empty.",
   "options": [
    {
     "ram_gb": 32,
     "rows": [
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Not known",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-2-3b",
       "needed_gb": 5,
       "note": "Speed is not known: no sourced memory bandwidth for this laptop."
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Not known",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6,
       "note": "Speed is not known: no sourced memory bandwidth for this laptop.",
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Not known",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gemma3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6.7,
       "note": "Speed is not known: no sourced memory bandwidth for this laptop."
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Not known",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "mistral-7b",
       "needed_gb": 7.8,
       "note": "Speed is not known: no sourced memory bandwidth for this laptop."
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Not known",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-1-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.3,
       "note": "Speed is not known: no sourced memory bandwidth for this laptop."
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Not known",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.9,
       "note": "Speed is not known: no sourced memory bandwidth for this laptop.",
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Not known",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gemma3-12b",
       "needed_gb": 15.9,
       "note": "Speed is not known: no sourced memory bandwidth for this laptop."
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Not known",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "deepseek-r1-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.7,
       "note": "Speed is not known: no sourced memory bandwidth for this laptop.",
       "thinking": "yes"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Not known",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "phi4-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.9,
       "note": "Speed is not known: no sourced memory bandwidth for this laptop."
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Not known",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.4,
       "note": "Speed is not known: no sourced memory bandwidth for this laptop.",
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Not known",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gpt-oss-20b",
       "needed_gb": 16.5,
       "note": "Speed is not known: no sourced memory bandwidth for this laptop.",
       "thinking": "yes"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Not known",
       "fit": "Tight",
       "model": "gemma3-27b",
       "needed_gb": 27.2,
       "note": "Speed is not known: no sourced memory bandwidth for this laptop."
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Not known",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-30b",
       "needed_gb": 22.6,
       "note": "Speed is not known: no sourced memory bandwidth for this laptop.",
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Not known",
       "fit": "Tight",
       "model": "qwen3-32b",
       "needed_gb": 26.3,
       "note": "Speed is not known: no sourced memory bandwidth for this laptop.",
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "llama-3-1-70b",
       "needed_gb": 51.5
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "gpt-oss-120b",
       "needed_gb": 70.5
      }
     ],
     "usable_gb": 28
    }
   ],
   "os": "Windows 11",
   "ram_type": "LPDDR5x-8533",
   "source_urls": [
    "https://h20195.www2.hp.com/v2/GetDocument.aspx?docname=c09132009"
   ],
   "url": "/finder/hp-elitebook-8-g1i-14/",
   "vram_gb": null,
   "year": null
  },
  {
   "bandwidth_gbs": 256,
   "brand": "HP",
   "category": "workstation",
   "chip": "AMD Ryzen AI Max+ PRO 395",
   "cpu": "AMD Ryzen AI Max+ PRO 395 (16 cores)",
   "gpu": "AMD Radeon 8060S (integrated)",
   "gpu_type": "integrated",
   "id": "hp-zbook-ultra-14-g1a",
   "max_ram_gb": 128,
   "model": "ZBook Ultra 14 G1a",
   "name": "HP ZBook Ultra 14 G1a",
   "notes": "Bandwidth is AMD's figure for the Ryzen AI Max+ 395 (on its Ryzen AI Halo page); HP lists the memory as LPDDR5X-8533, AMD lists a maximum of 8000, so real bandwidth may differ. Other chip options are Max PRO 390, 385 and 380.",
   "options": [
    {
     "ram_gb": 16,
     "rows": [
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-2-3b",
       "needed_gb": 5,
       "speed": [
        45,
        83
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6,
       "speed": [
        36,
        67
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gemma3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6.7,
       "speed": [
        27,
        50
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "mistral-7b",
       "needed_gb": 7.8,
       "speed": [
        20,
        38
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-1-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.3,
       "speed": [
        18,
        34
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.9,
       "speed": [
        17,
        32
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "gemma3-12b",
       "needed_gb": 15.9
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "deepseek-r1-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.7
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "phi4-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.9
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "qwen3-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.4
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "gpt-oss-20b",
       "needed_gb": 16.5
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "gemma3-27b",
       "needed_gb": 27.2
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "qwen3-30b",
       "needed_gb": 22.6
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "qwen3-32b",
       "needed_gb": 26.3
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "llama-3-1-70b",
       "needed_gb": 51.5
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "gpt-oss-120b",
       "needed_gb": 70.5
      }
     ],
     "usable_gb": 12
    },
    {
     "ram_gb": 32,
     "rows": [
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-2-3b",
       "needed_gb": 5,
       "speed": [
        45,
        83
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6,
       "speed": [
        36,
        67
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gemma3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6.7,
       "speed": [
        27,
        50
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "mistral-7b",
       "needed_gb": 7.8,
       "speed": [
        20,
        38
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-1-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.3,
       "speed": [
        18,
        34
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.9,
       "speed": [
        17,
        32
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gemma3-12b",
       "needed_gb": 15.9,
       "speed": [
        11,
        21
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Moderate or Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "deepseek-r1-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.7,
       "speed": [
        10,
        18
       ],
       "thinking": "yes"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Moderate or Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "phi4-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.9,
       "speed": [
        9.8,
        18
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Moderate or Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.4,
       "speed": [
        9.6,
        18
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gpt-oss-20b",
       "needed_gb": 16.5,
       "speed": [
        22,
        41
       ],
       "thinking": "yes"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Moderate",
       "fit": "Tight",
       "model": "gemma3-27b",
       "needed_gb": 27.2,
       "speed": [
        5.3,
        9.8
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-30b",
       "needed_gb": 22.6,
       "speed": [
        26,
        49
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Slow or Moderate",
       "fit": "Tight",
       "model": "qwen3-32b",
       "needed_gb": 26.3,
       "speed": [
        4.5,
        8.3
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "llama-3-1-70b",
       "needed_gb": 51.5
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "gpt-oss-120b",
       "needed_gb": 70.5
      }
     ],
     "usable_gb": 28
    },
    {
     "ram_gb": 64,
     "rows": [
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-2-3b",
       "needed_gb": 5,
       "speed": [
        45,
        83
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6,
       "speed": [
        36,
        67
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gemma3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6.7,
       "speed": [
        27,
        50
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "mistral-7b",
       "needed_gb": 7.8,
       "speed": [
        20,
        38
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-1-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.3,
       "speed": [
        18,
        34
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.9,
       "speed": [
        17,
        32
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gemma3-12b",
       "needed_gb": 15.9,
       "speed": [
        11,
        21
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Moderate or Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "deepseek-r1-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.7,
       "speed": [
        10,
        18
       ],
       "thinking": "yes"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Moderate or Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "phi4-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.9,
       "speed": [
        9.8,
        18
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Moderate or Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.4,
       "speed": [
        9.6,
        18
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gpt-oss-20b",
       "needed_gb": 16.5,
       "speed": [
        22,
        41
       ],
       "thinking": "yes"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Moderate",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gemma3-27b",
       "needed_gb": 27.2,
       "speed": [
        5.3,
        9.8
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-30b",
       "needed_gb": 22.6,
       "speed": [
        26,
        49
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Slow or Moderate",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-32b",
       "needed_gb": 26.3,
       "speed": [
        4.5,
        8.3
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Slow",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-1-70b",
       "needed_gb": 51.5,
       "speed": [
        2.1,
        3.9
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "gpt-oss-120b",
       "needed_gb": 70.5
      }
     ],
     "usable_gb": 60
    },
    {
     "ram_gb": 128,
     "rows": [
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-2-3b",
       "needed_gb": 5,
       "speed": [
        45,
        83
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6,
       "speed": [
        36,
        67
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gemma3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6.7,
       "speed": [
        27,
        50
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "mistral-7b",
       "needed_gb": 7.8,
       "speed": [
        20,
        38
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-1-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.3,
       "speed": [
        18,
        34
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.9,
       "speed": [
        17,
        32
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gemma3-12b",
       "needed_gb": 15.9,
       "speed": [
        11,
        21
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Moderate or Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "deepseek-r1-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.7,
       "speed": [
        10,
        18
       ],
       "thinking": "yes"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Moderate or Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "phi4-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.9,
       "speed": [
        9.8,
        18
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Moderate or Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.4,
       "speed": [
        9.6,
        18
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gpt-oss-20b",
       "needed_gb": 16.5,
       "speed": [
        22,
        41
       ],
       "thinking": "yes"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Moderate",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gemma3-27b",
       "needed_gb": 27.2,
       "speed": [
        5.3,
        9.8
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-30b",
       "needed_gb": 22.6,
       "speed": [
        26,
        49
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Slow or Moderate",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-32b",
       "needed_gb": 26.3,
       "speed": [
        4.5,
        8.3
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Slow",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-1-70b",
       "needed_gb": 51.5,
       "speed": [
        2.1,
        3.9
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gpt-oss-120b",
       "needed_gb": 70.5,
       "speed": [
        19,
        35
       ],
       "thinking": "yes"
      }
     ],
     "usable_gb": 124
    }
   ],
   "os": "Windows 11",
   "ram_type": "LPDDR5X-8533",
   "source_urls": [
    "https://h20195.www2.hp.com/v2/GetDocument.aspx?docname=c09119722",
    "https://www.amd.com/en/products/processors/desktops/ryzen/ryzen-ai-halo/ryzen-ai-max-plus-395.html"
   ],
   "url": "/finder/hp-zbook-ultra-14-g1a/",
   "vram_gb": null,
   "year": null
  },
  {
   "bandwidth_gbs": 384,
   "brand": "Lenovo",
   "category": "gaming",
   "chip": "Intel Core i7 or i9 HX (13th or 14th generation)",
   "cpu": "Intel Core i7-13645HX, i7-13650HX, i7-14700HX or i9-14900HX",
   "gpu": "NVIDIA GeForce RTX 5060 Laptop GPU",
   "gpu_type": "discrete",
   "id": "lenovo-legion-5i-gen10-15irx10-rtx-5060",
   "max_ram_gb": 32,
   "model": "Legion 5i Gen 10 (15IRX10)",
   "name": "Lenovo Legion 5i Gen 10 (15IRX10)",
   "notes": "PSREF states up to 32GB. GPU bandwidth from NVIDIA's RTX 50 laptop page.",
   "options": [
    {
     "ram_gb": 32,
     "rows": [
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-2-3b",
       "needed_gb": 5,
       "speed": [
        67,
        125
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6,
       "speed": [
        54,
        100
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gemma3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6.7,
       "speed": [
        41,
        76
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Tight",
       "model": "mistral-7b",
       "needed_gb": 7.8,
       "speed": [
        31,
        57
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Slow or Moderate",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "llama-3-1-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.3,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        4.1,
        7.6
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Slow or Moderate",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "qwen3-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.9,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        3.9,
        7.2
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Slow",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "gemma3-12b",
       "needed_gb": 15.9,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        2.5,
        4.6
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Slow",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "deepseek-r1-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.7,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        2.2,
        4.2
       ],
       "thinking": "yes"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Slow",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "phi4-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.9,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        2.2,
        4.1
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Slow",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "qwen3-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.4,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        2.2,
        4
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Moderate",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "gpt-oss-20b",
       "needed_gb": 16.5,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        5,
        9.3
       ],
       "thinking": "yes"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Slow",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "gemma3-27b",
       "needed_gb": 27.2,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        1.2,
        2.2
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Moderate or Fast",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "qwen3-30b",
       "needed_gb": 22.6,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        5.9,
        11
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Slow",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "qwen3-32b",
       "needed_gb": 26.3,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        1,
        1.9
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "llama-3-1-70b",
       "needed_gb": 51.5
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "gpt-oss-120b",
       "needed_gb": 70.5
      }
     ],
     "usable_gb": 8
    }
   ],
   "os": "Windows 11",
   "ram_type": "DDR5-4800 or DDR5-5600 SODIMM",
   "source_urls": [
    "https://psref.lenovo.com/syspool/Sys/PDF/Legion/Legion_5_15IRX10/Legion_5_15IRX10_Spec.pdf",
    "https://www.nvidia.com/en-us/geforce/laptops/50-series/"
   ],
   "url": "/finder/lenovo-legion-5i-gen10-15irx10-rtx-5060/",
   "vram_gb": 8,
   "year": null
  },
  {
   "bandwidth_gbs": 384,
   "brand": "Lenovo",
   "category": "gaming",
   "chip": "Intel Core Ultra HX",
   "cpu": "Intel Core Ultra HX (see PSREF)",
   "gpu": "NVIDIA GeForce RTX 5060 Laptop GPU",
   "gpu_type": "discrete",
   "id": "lenovo-legion-pro-5i-gen10-16iax10-rtx-5060",
   "max_ram_gb": 32,
   "model": "Legion Pro 5i Gen 10 (16IAX10)",
   "name": "Lenovo Legion Pro 5i Gen 10 (16IAX10)",
   "notes": "PSREF states up to 32GB. GPU bandwidth from NVIDIA's RTX 50 laptop page.",
   "options": [
    {
     "ram_gb": 32,
     "rows": [
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-2-3b",
       "needed_gb": 5,
       "speed": [
        67,
        125
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6,
       "speed": [
        54,
        100
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gemma3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6.7,
       "speed": [
        41,
        76
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Tight",
       "model": "mistral-7b",
       "needed_gb": 7.8,
       "speed": [
        31,
        57
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Slow or Moderate",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "llama-3-1-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.3,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        4.1,
        7.6
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Slow or Moderate",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "qwen3-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.9,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        3.9,
        7.2
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Slow",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "gemma3-12b",
       "needed_gb": 15.9,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        2.5,
        4.6
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Slow",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "deepseek-r1-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.7,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        2.2,
        4.2
       ],
       "thinking": "yes"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Slow",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "phi4-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.9,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        2.2,
        4.1
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Slow",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "qwen3-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.4,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        2.2,
        4
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Moderate",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "gpt-oss-20b",
       "needed_gb": 16.5,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        5,
        9.3
       ],
       "thinking": "yes"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Slow",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "gemma3-27b",
       "needed_gb": 27.2,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        1.2,
        2.2
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Moderate or Fast",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "qwen3-30b",
       "needed_gb": 22.6,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        5.9,
        11
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Slow",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "qwen3-32b",
       "needed_gb": 26.3,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        1,
        1.9
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "llama-3-1-70b",
       "needed_gb": 51.5
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "gpt-oss-120b",
       "needed_gb": 70.5
      }
     ],
     "usable_gb": 8
    }
   ],
   "os": "Windows 11",
   "ram_type": "DDR5-5600 or DDR5-6400 SODIMM",
   "source_urls": [
    "https://psref.lenovo.com/syspool/Sys/PDF/Legion/Legion_Pro_5_16IAX10/Legion_Pro_5_16IAX10_Spec.PDF",
    "https://www.nvidia.com/en-us/geforce/laptops/50-series/"
   ],
   "url": "/finder/lenovo-legion-pro-5i-gen10-16iax10-rtx-5060/",
   "vram_gb": 8,
   "year": null
  },
  {
   "bandwidth_gbs": 896,
   "brand": "Lenovo",
   "category": "gaming",
   "chip": "AMD Ryzen 9 9955HX3D or 9955HX",
   "cpu": "AMD Ryzen 9 9955HX3D or 9955HX (16 cores)",
   "gpu": "NVIDIA GeForce RTX 5080 Laptop GPU",
   "gpu_type": "discrete",
   "id": "lenovo-legion-pro-7-gen10-16afr10h-rtx-5080",
   "max_ram_gb": 64,
   "model": "Legion Pro 7 Gen 10 (16AFR10H, AMD)",
   "name": "Lenovo Legion Pro 7 Gen 10 (16AFR10H, AMD)",
   "notes": "PSREF states up to 64GB; smaller options are not itemised. GPU bandwidth from NVIDIA's RTX 50 laptop page.",
   "options": [
    {
     "ram_gb": 64,
     "rows": [
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-2-3b",
       "needed_gb": 5,
       "speed": [
        157,
        291
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6,
       "speed": [
        125,
        233
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gemma3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6.7,
       "speed": [
        95,
        176
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "mistral-7b",
       "needed_gb": 7.8,
       "speed": [
        71,
        132
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-1-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.3,
       "speed": [
        64,
        119
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.9,
       "speed": [
        60,
        112
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Tight",
       "model": "gemma3-12b",
       "needed_gb": 15.9,
       "speed": [
        39,
        72
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "deepseek-r1-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.7,
       "speed": [
        35,
        65
       ],
       "thinking": "yes"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "phi4-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.9,
       "speed": [
        34,
        64
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.4,
       "speed": [
        34,
        63
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "gpt-oss-20b",
       "needed_gb": 16.5,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        12,
        22
       ],
       "thinking": "yes"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Slow or Moderate",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "gemma3-27b",
       "needed_gb": 27.2,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        2.8,
        5.1
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "qwen3-30b",
       "needed_gb": 22.6,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        14,
        25
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Slow",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "qwen3-32b",
       "needed_gb": 26.3,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        2.4,
        4.4
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Slow",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "llama-3-1-70b",
       "needed_gb": 51.5,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        1.1,
        2
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Moderate or Fast",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "gpt-oss-120b",
       "needed_gb": 70.5,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        10,
        18
       ],
       "thinking": "yes"
      }
     ],
     "usable_gb": 16
    }
   ],
   "os": "Windows 11",
   "ram_type": "DDR5-5600 SODIMM",
   "source_urls": [
    "https://psref.lenovo.com/syspool/Sys/PDF/Legion/Legion_Pro_7_16AFR10H/Legion_Pro_7_16AFR10H_Spec.pdf",
    "https://www.nvidia.com/en-us/geforce/laptops/50-series/"
   ],
   "url": "/finder/lenovo-legion-pro-7-gen10-16afr10h-rtx-5080/",
   "vram_gb": 16,
   "year": null
  },
  {
   "bandwidth_gbs": 672,
   "brand": "Lenovo",
   "category": "gaming",
   "chip": "Intel Core Ultra HX",
   "cpu": "Intel Core Ultra HX (see PSREF)",
   "gpu": "NVIDIA GeForce RTX 5070 Ti Laptop GPU",
   "gpu_type": "discrete",
   "id": "lenovo-legion-pro-7i-gen10-16iax10h-rtx-5070-ti",
   "max_ram_gb": 64,
   "model": "Legion Pro 7i Gen 10 (16IAX10H)",
   "name": "Lenovo Legion Pro 7i Gen 10 (16IAX10H)",
   "notes": "PSREF states up to 64GB; smaller options are not itemised. GPU bandwidth from NVIDIA's RTX 50 laptop page.",
   "options": [
    {
     "ram_gb": 64,
     "rows": [
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-2-3b",
       "needed_gb": 5,
       "speed": [
        118,
        218
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6,
       "speed": [
        94,
        175
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gemma3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6.7,
       "speed": [
        71,
        132
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "mistral-7b",
       "needed_gb": 7.8,
       "speed": [
        53,
        99
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-1-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.3,
       "speed": [
        48,
        89
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.9,
       "speed": [
        45,
        84
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Slow or Moderate",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "gemma3-12b",
       "needed_gb": 15.9,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        4.4,
        8.1
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Slow or Moderate",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "deepseek-r1-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.7,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        3.9,
        7.3
       ],
       "thinking": "yes"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Slow or Moderate",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "phi4-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.9,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        3.9,
        7.2
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Slow or Moderate",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "qwen3-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.4,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        3.8,
        7
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Moderate or Fast",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "gpt-oss-20b",
       "needed_gb": 16.5,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        8.8,
        16
       ],
       "thinking": "yes"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Slow",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "gemma3-27b",
       "needed_gb": 27.2,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        2.1,
        3.9
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "qwen3-30b",
       "needed_gb": 22.6,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        10,
        19
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Slow",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "qwen3-32b",
       "needed_gb": 26.3,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        1.8,
        3.3
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Slow",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "llama-3-1-70b",
       "needed_gb": 51.5,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        0.8,
        1.5
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Moderate or Fast",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "gpt-oss-120b",
       "needed_gb": 70.5,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        7.5,
        14
       ],
       "thinking": "yes"
      }
     ],
     "usable_gb": 12
    }
   ],
   "os": "Windows 11",
   "ram_type": "DDR5-6400 SODIMM",
   "source_urls": [
    "https://psref.lenovo.com/syspool/Sys/PDF/Legion/Legion_Pro_7_16IAX10H/Legion_Pro_7_16IAX10H_Spec.pdf",
    "https://www.nvidia.com/en-us/geforce/laptops/50-series/"
   ],
   "url": "/finder/lenovo-legion-pro-7i-gen10-16iax10h-rtx-5070-ti/",
   "vram_gb": 12,
   "year": null
  },
  {
   "bandwidth_gbs": 896,
   "brand": "Lenovo",
   "category": "gaming",
   "chip": "Intel Core Ultra HX",
   "cpu": "Intel Core Ultra HX (see PSREF)",
   "gpu": "NVIDIA GeForce RTX 5090 Laptop GPU",
   "gpu_type": "discrete",
   "id": "lenovo-legion-pro-7i-gen10-16iax10h-rtx-5090",
   "max_ram_gb": 64,
   "model": "Legion Pro 7i Gen 10 (16IAX10H)",
   "name": "Lenovo Legion Pro 7i Gen 10 (16IAX10H)",
   "notes": "PSREF states up to 64GB; smaller options are not itemised. GPU bandwidth from NVIDIA's RTX 50 laptop page.",
   "options": [
    {
     "ram_gb": 64,
     "rows": [
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-2-3b",
       "needed_gb": 5,
       "speed": [
        157,
        291
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6,
       "speed": [
        125,
        233
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gemma3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6.7,
       "speed": [
        95,
        176
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "mistral-7b",
       "needed_gb": 7.8,
       "speed": [
        71,
        132
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-1-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.3,
       "speed": [
        64,
        119
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.9,
       "speed": [
        60,
        112
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gemma3-12b",
       "needed_gb": 15.9,
       "speed": [
        39,
        72
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "deepseek-r1-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.7,
       "speed": [
        35,
        65
       ],
       "thinking": "yes"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "phi4-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.9,
       "speed": [
        34,
        64
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.4,
       "speed": [
        34,
        63
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gpt-oss-20b",
       "needed_gb": 16.5,
       "speed": [
        78,
        145
       ],
       "thinking": "yes"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Slow or Moderate",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "gemma3-27b",
       "needed_gb": 27.2,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        2.8,
        5.1
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Tight",
       "model": "qwen3-30b",
       "needed_gb": 22.6,
       "speed": [
        92,
        170
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Slow",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "qwen3-32b",
       "needed_gb": 26.3,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        2.4,
        4.4
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Slow",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "llama-3-1-70b",
       "needed_gb": 51.5,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        1.1,
        2
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Moderate or Fast",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "gpt-oss-120b",
       "needed_gb": 70.5,
       "note": "Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "speed": [
        10,
        18
       ],
       "thinking": "yes"
      }
     ],
     "usable_gb": 24
    }
   ],
   "os": "Windows 11",
   "ram_type": "DDR5-6400 SODIMM",
   "source_urls": [
    "https://psref.lenovo.com/syspool/Sys/PDF/Legion/Legion_Pro_7_16IAX10H/Legion_Pro_7_16IAX10H_Spec.pdf",
    "https://www.nvidia.com/en-us/geforce/laptops/50-series/"
   ],
   "url": "/finder/lenovo-legion-pro-7i-gen10-16iax10h-rtx-5090/",
   "vram_gb": 24,
   "year": null
  },
  {
   "bandwidth_gbs": null,
   "brand": "Lenovo",
   "category": "workstation",
   "chip": "Intel Core Ultra H series",
   "cpu": "Intel Core Ultra 5, 7 or 9 H series",
   "gpu": "NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4060 Laptop GPU",
   "gpu_type": "discrete",
   "id": "lenovo-thinkpad-p1-gen7-rtx-4060",
   "max_ram_gb": 64,
   "model": "ThinkPad P1 Gen 7",
   "name": "Lenovo ThinkPad P1 Gen 7",
   "notes": "PSREF lists RTX 4060 and 4070 (8GB GDDR6) and RTX 1000, 2000 and 3000 Ada options; maximum memory 64GB on one LPCAMM2 module. NVIDIA's RTX 40 laptop page gives no bandwidth figure, so it is left empty.",
   "options": [
    {
     "ram_gb": 64,
     "rows": [
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Not known",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-2-3b",
       "needed_gb": 5,
       "note": "Speed is not known: no sourced memory bandwidth for this laptop."
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Not known",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6,
       "note": "Speed is not known: no sourced memory bandwidth for this laptop.",
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Not known",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gemma3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6.7,
       "note": "Speed is not known: no sourced memory bandwidth for this laptop."
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Not known",
       "fit": "Tight",
       "model": "mistral-7b",
       "needed_gb": 7.8,
       "note": "Speed is not known: no sourced memory bandwidth for this laptop."
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Not known",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "llama-3-1-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.3,
       "note": "Speed is not known: no sourced memory bandwidth for this laptop. Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower."
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Not known",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "qwen3-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.9,
       "note": "Speed is not known: no sourced memory bandwidth for this laptop. Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Not known",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "gemma3-12b",
       "needed_gb": 15.9,
       "note": "Speed is not known: no sourced memory bandwidth for this laptop. Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower."
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Not known",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "deepseek-r1-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.7,
       "note": "Speed is not known: no sourced memory bandwidth for this laptop. Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "thinking": "yes"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Not known",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "phi4-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.9,
       "note": "Speed is not known: no sourced memory bandwidth for this laptop. Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower."
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Not known",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "qwen3-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.4,
       "note": "Speed is not known: no sourced memory bandwidth for this laptop. Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Not known",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "gpt-oss-20b",
       "needed_gb": 16.5,
       "note": "Speed is not known: no sourced memory bandwidth for this laptop. Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "thinking": "yes"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Not known",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "gemma3-27b",
       "needed_gb": 27.2,
       "note": "Speed is not known: no sourced memory bandwidth for this laptop. Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower."
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Not known",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "qwen3-30b",
       "needed_gb": 22.6,
       "note": "Speed is not known: no sourced memory bandwidth for this laptop. Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Not known",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "qwen3-32b",
       "needed_gb": 26.3,
       "note": "Speed is not known: no sourced memory bandwidth for this laptop. Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower.",
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Not known",
       "fit": "Partial offload (slow)",
       "model": "llama-3-1-70b",
       "needed_gb": 51.5,
       "note": "Speed is not known: no sourced memory bandwidth for this laptop. Part of the model runs from system memory, which is much slower."
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "gpt-oss-120b",
       "needed_gb": 70.5
      }
     ],
     "usable_gb": 8
    }
   ],
   "os": "Windows 11",
   "ram_type": "LPDDR5X-7500 (LPCAMM2)",
   "source_urls": [
    "https://psref.lenovo.com/syspool/Sys/PDF/ThinkPad/ThinkPad_P1_Gen_7/ThinkPad_P1_Gen_7_Spec.PDF"
   ],
   "url": "/finder/lenovo-thinkpad-p1-gen7-rtx-4060/",
   "vram_gb": 8,
   "year": null
  },
  {
   "bandwidth_gbs": null,
   "brand": "Lenovo",
   "category": "business",
   "chip": "Intel Core Ultra 5 or 7 (Series 2)",
   "cpu": "Intel Core Ultra 5 or 7, Arrow Lake or Lunar Lake",
   "gpu": "Intel Arc (integrated)",
   "gpu_type": "integrated",
   "id": "lenovo-thinkpad-t14-gen6-intel",
   "max_ram_gb": 64,
   "model": "ThinkPad T14 Gen 6 (Intel)",
   "name": "Lenovo ThinkPad T14 Gen 6 (Intel)",
   "notes": "PSREF: Lunar Lake has 16 or 32GB soldered; Arrow Lake takes up to 64GB DDR5-5600. Intel does not publish a bandwidth figure on its product pages, so it is left empty.",
   "options": [
    {
     "ram_gb": 16,
     "rows": [
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Not known",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-2-3b",
       "needed_gb": 5,
       "note": "Speed is not known: no sourced memory bandwidth for this laptop."
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Not known",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6,
       "note": "Speed is not known: no sourced memory bandwidth for this laptop.",
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Not known",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gemma3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6.7,
       "note": "Speed is not known: no sourced memory bandwidth for this laptop."
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Not known",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "mistral-7b",
       "needed_gb": 7.8,
       "note": "Speed is not known: no sourced memory bandwidth for this laptop."
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Not known",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-1-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.3,
       "note": "Speed is not known: no sourced memory bandwidth for this laptop."
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Not known",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.9,
       "note": "Speed is not known: no sourced memory bandwidth for this laptop.",
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "gemma3-12b",
       "needed_gb": 15.9
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "deepseek-r1-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.7
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "phi4-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.9
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "qwen3-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.4
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "gpt-oss-20b",
       "needed_gb": 16.5
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "gemma3-27b",
       "needed_gb": 27.2
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "qwen3-30b",
       "needed_gb": 22.6
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "qwen3-32b",
       "needed_gb": 26.3
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "llama-3-1-70b",
       "needed_gb": 51.5
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "gpt-oss-120b",
       "needed_gb": 70.5
      }
     ],
     "usable_gb": 12
    },
    {
     "ram_gb": 32,
     "rows": [
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Not known",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-2-3b",
       "needed_gb": 5,
       "note": "Speed is not known: no sourced memory bandwidth for this laptop."
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Not known",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6,
       "note": "Speed is not known: no sourced memory bandwidth for this laptop.",
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Not known",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gemma3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6.7,
       "note": "Speed is not known: no sourced memory bandwidth for this laptop."
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Not known",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "mistral-7b",
       "needed_gb": 7.8,
       "note": "Speed is not known: no sourced memory bandwidth for this laptop."
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Not known",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-1-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.3,
       "note": "Speed is not known: no sourced memory bandwidth for this laptop."
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Not known",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.9,
       "note": "Speed is not known: no sourced memory bandwidth for this laptop.",
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Not known",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gemma3-12b",
       "needed_gb": 15.9,
       "note": "Speed is not known: no sourced memory bandwidth for this laptop."
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Not known",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "deepseek-r1-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.7,
       "note": "Speed is not known: no sourced memory bandwidth for this laptop.",
       "thinking": "yes"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Not known",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "phi4-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.9,
       "note": "Speed is not known: no sourced memory bandwidth for this laptop."
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Not known",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.4,
       "note": "Speed is not known: no sourced memory bandwidth for this laptop.",
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Not known",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gpt-oss-20b",
       "needed_gb": 16.5,
       "note": "Speed is not known: no sourced memory bandwidth for this laptop.",
       "thinking": "yes"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Not known",
       "fit": "Tight",
       "model": "gemma3-27b",
       "needed_gb": 27.2,
       "note": "Speed is not known: no sourced memory bandwidth for this laptop."
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Not known",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-30b",
       "needed_gb": 22.6,
       "note": "Speed is not known: no sourced memory bandwidth for this laptop.",
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Not known",
       "fit": "Tight",
       "model": "qwen3-32b",
       "needed_gb": 26.3,
       "note": "Speed is not known: no sourced memory bandwidth for this laptop.",
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "llama-3-1-70b",
       "needed_gb": 51.5
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "gpt-oss-120b",
       "needed_gb": 70.5
      }
     ],
     "usable_gb": 28
    },
    {
     "ram_gb": 64,
     "rows": [
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Not known",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-2-3b",
       "needed_gb": 5,
       "note": "Speed is not known: no sourced memory bandwidth for this laptop."
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Not known",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6,
       "note": "Speed is not known: no sourced memory bandwidth for this laptop.",
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Not known",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gemma3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6.7,
       "note": "Speed is not known: no sourced memory bandwidth for this laptop."
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Not known",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "mistral-7b",
       "needed_gb": 7.8,
       "note": "Speed is not known: no sourced memory bandwidth for this laptop."
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Not known",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-1-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.3,
       "note": "Speed is not known: no sourced memory bandwidth for this laptop."
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Not known",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.9,
       "note": "Speed is not known: no sourced memory bandwidth for this laptop.",
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Not known",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gemma3-12b",
       "needed_gb": 15.9,
       "note": "Speed is not known: no sourced memory bandwidth for this laptop."
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Not known",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "deepseek-r1-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.7,
       "note": "Speed is not known: no sourced memory bandwidth for this laptop.",
       "thinking": "yes"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Not known",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "phi4-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.9,
       "note": "Speed is not known: no sourced memory bandwidth for this laptop."
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Not known",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.4,
       "note": "Speed is not known: no sourced memory bandwidth for this laptop.",
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Not known",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gpt-oss-20b",
       "needed_gb": 16.5,
       "note": "Speed is not known: no sourced memory bandwidth for this laptop.",
       "thinking": "yes"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Not known",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gemma3-27b",
       "needed_gb": 27.2,
       "note": "Speed is not known: no sourced memory bandwidth for this laptop."
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Not known",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-30b",
       "needed_gb": 22.6,
       "note": "Speed is not known: no sourced memory bandwidth for this laptop.",
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Not known",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-32b",
       "needed_gb": 26.3,
       "note": "Speed is not known: no sourced memory bandwidth for this laptop.",
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Not known",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-1-70b",
       "needed_gb": 51.5,
       "note": "Speed is not known: no sourced memory bandwidth for this laptop."
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "gpt-oss-120b",
       "needed_gb": 70.5
      }
     ],
     "usable_gb": 60
    }
   ],
   "os": "Windows 11",
   "ram_type": "LPDDR5X-8533 (Lunar Lake) or DDR5-5600 (Arrow Lake)",
   "source_urls": [
    "https://psref.lenovo.com/syspool/Sys/PDF/ThinkPad/ThinkPad_T14_Gen_6_Intel/ThinkPad_T14_Gen_6_Intel_Spec.pdf"
   ],
   "url": "/finder/lenovo-thinkpad-t14-gen6-intel/",
   "vram_gb": null,
   "year": null
  },
  {
   "bandwidth_gbs": null,
   "brand": "Lenovo",
   "category": "business",
   "chip": "AMD Ryzen AI PRO 300 series",
   "cpu": "AMD Ryzen AI 5 or 7 PRO 300 (Krackan Point or Strix Point)",
   "gpu": "AMD Radeon (integrated)",
   "gpu_type": "integrated",
   "id": "lenovo-thinkpad-t14s-gen6-amd",
   "max_ram_gb": 64,
   "model": "ThinkPad T14s Gen 6 (AMD)",
   "name": "Lenovo ThinkPad T14s Gen 6 (AMD)",
   "notes": "PSREF: 16GB only with Krackan Point, 64GB only with Strix Point. AMD's product pages do not publish a bandwidth figure for the Ryzen AI 300 series, so it is left empty.",
   "options": [
    {
     "ram_gb": 16,
     "rows": [
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Not known",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-2-3b",
       "needed_gb": 5,
       "note": "Speed is not known: no sourced memory bandwidth for this laptop."
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Not known",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6,
       "note": "Speed is not known: no sourced memory bandwidth for this laptop.",
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Not known",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gemma3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6.7,
       "note": "Speed is not known: no sourced memory bandwidth for this laptop."
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Not known",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "mistral-7b",
       "needed_gb": 7.8,
       "note": "Speed is not known: no sourced memory bandwidth for this laptop."
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Not known",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-1-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.3,
       "note": "Speed is not known: no sourced memory bandwidth for this laptop."
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Not known",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.9,
       "note": "Speed is not known: no sourced memory bandwidth for this laptop.",
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "gemma3-12b",
       "needed_gb": 15.9
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "deepseek-r1-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.7
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "phi4-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.9
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "qwen3-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.4
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "gpt-oss-20b",
       "needed_gb": 16.5
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "gemma3-27b",
       "needed_gb": 27.2
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "qwen3-30b",
       "needed_gb": 22.6
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "qwen3-32b",
       "needed_gb": 26.3
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "llama-3-1-70b",
       "needed_gb": 51.5
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "gpt-oss-120b",
       "needed_gb": 70.5
      }
     ],
     "usable_gb": 12
    },
    {
     "ram_gb": 32,
     "rows": [
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Not known",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-2-3b",
       "needed_gb": 5,
       "note": "Speed is not known: no sourced memory bandwidth for this laptop."
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Not known",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6,
       "note": "Speed is not known: no sourced memory bandwidth for this laptop.",
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Not known",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gemma3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6.7,
       "note": "Speed is not known: no sourced memory bandwidth for this laptop."
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Not known",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "mistral-7b",
       "needed_gb": 7.8,
       "note": "Speed is not known: no sourced memory bandwidth for this laptop."
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Not known",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-1-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.3,
       "note": "Speed is not known: no sourced memory bandwidth for this laptop."
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Not known",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.9,
       "note": "Speed is not known: no sourced memory bandwidth for this laptop.",
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Not known",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gemma3-12b",
       "needed_gb": 15.9,
       "note": "Speed is not known: no sourced memory bandwidth for this laptop."
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Not known",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "deepseek-r1-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.7,
       "note": "Speed is not known: no sourced memory bandwidth for this laptop.",
       "thinking": "yes"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Not known",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "phi4-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.9,
       "note": "Speed is not known: no sourced memory bandwidth for this laptop."
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Not known",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.4,
       "note": "Speed is not known: no sourced memory bandwidth for this laptop.",
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Not known",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gpt-oss-20b",
       "needed_gb": 16.5,
       "note": "Speed is not known: no sourced memory bandwidth for this laptop.",
       "thinking": "yes"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Not known",
       "fit": "Tight",
       "model": "gemma3-27b",
       "needed_gb": 27.2,
       "note": "Speed is not known: no sourced memory bandwidth for this laptop."
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Not known",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-30b",
       "needed_gb": 22.6,
       "note": "Speed is not known: no sourced memory bandwidth for this laptop.",
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Not known",
       "fit": "Tight",
       "model": "qwen3-32b",
       "needed_gb": 26.3,
       "note": "Speed is not known: no sourced memory bandwidth for this laptop.",
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "llama-3-1-70b",
       "needed_gb": 51.5
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "gpt-oss-120b",
       "needed_gb": 70.5
      }
     ],
     "usable_gb": 28
    },
    {
     "ram_gb": 64,
     "rows": [
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Not known",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-2-3b",
       "needed_gb": 5,
       "note": "Speed is not known: no sourced memory bandwidth for this laptop."
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Not known",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6,
       "note": "Speed is not known: no sourced memory bandwidth for this laptop.",
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Not known",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gemma3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6.7,
       "note": "Speed is not known: no sourced memory bandwidth for this laptop."
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Not known",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "mistral-7b",
       "needed_gb": 7.8,
       "note": "Speed is not known: no sourced memory bandwidth for this laptop."
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Not known",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-1-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.3,
       "note": "Speed is not known: no sourced memory bandwidth for this laptop."
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Not known",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.9,
       "note": "Speed is not known: no sourced memory bandwidth for this laptop.",
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Not known",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gemma3-12b",
       "needed_gb": 15.9,
       "note": "Speed is not known: no sourced memory bandwidth for this laptop."
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Not known",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "deepseek-r1-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.7,
       "note": "Speed is not known: no sourced memory bandwidth for this laptop.",
       "thinking": "yes"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Not known",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "phi4-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.9,
       "note": "Speed is not known: no sourced memory bandwidth for this laptop."
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Not known",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.4,
       "note": "Speed is not known: no sourced memory bandwidth for this laptop.",
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Not known",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gpt-oss-20b",
       "needed_gb": 16.5,
       "note": "Speed is not known: no sourced memory bandwidth for this laptop.",
       "thinking": "yes"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Not known",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gemma3-27b",
       "needed_gb": 27.2,
       "note": "Speed is not known: no sourced memory bandwidth for this laptop."
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Not known",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-30b",
       "needed_gb": 22.6,
       "note": "Speed is not known: no sourced memory bandwidth for this laptop.",
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Not known",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-32b",
       "needed_gb": 26.3,
       "note": "Speed is not known: no sourced memory bandwidth for this laptop.",
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Not known",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-1-70b",
       "needed_gb": 51.5,
       "note": "Speed is not known: no sourced memory bandwidth for this laptop."
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "gpt-oss-120b",
       "needed_gb": 70.5
      }
     ],
     "usable_gb": 60
    }
   ],
   "os": "Windows 11",
   "ram_type": "LPDDR5X-7500 soldered",
   "source_urls": [
    "https://psref.lenovo.com/syspool/Sys/PDF/ThinkPad/ThinkPad_T14s_Gen_6_AMD/ThinkPad_T14s_Gen_6_AMD_Spec.pdf"
   ],
   "url": "/finder/lenovo-thinkpad-t14s-gen6-amd/",
   "vram_gb": null,
   "year": null
  },
  {
   "bandwidth_gbs": 135,
   "brand": "Lenovo",
   "category": "copilot-pc",
   "chip": "Snapdragon X Elite X1E-78-100",
   "cpu": "Snapdragon X Elite (12 cores)",
   "gpu": "Qualcomm Adreno",
   "gpu_type": "integrated",
   "id": "lenovo-thinkpad-t14s-gen6-snapdragon",
   "max_ram_gb": 64,
   "model": "ThinkPad T14s Gen 6 (Snapdragon)",
   "name": "Lenovo ThinkPad T14s Gen 6 (Snapdragon)",
   "notes": "Bandwidth is Qualcomm's figure for the Snapdragon X Elite family (X1E-78-100 is listed in its brief).",
   "options": [
    {
     "ram_gb": 16,
     "rows": [
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-2-3b",
       "needed_gb": 5,
       "speed": [
        24,
        44
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6,
       "speed": [
        19,
        35
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gemma3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6.7,
       "speed": [
        14,
        27
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "mistral-7b",
       "needed_gb": 7.8,
       "speed": [
        11,
        20
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Moderate or Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-1-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.3,
       "speed": [
        9.6,
        18
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Moderate or Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.9,
       "speed": [
        9.1,
        17
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "gemma3-12b",
       "needed_gb": 15.9
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "deepseek-r1-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.7
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "phi4-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.9
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "qwen3-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.4
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "gpt-oss-20b",
       "needed_gb": 16.5
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "gemma3-27b",
       "needed_gb": 27.2
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "qwen3-30b",
       "needed_gb": 22.6
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "qwen3-32b",
       "needed_gb": 26.3
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "llama-3-1-70b",
       "needed_gb": 51.5
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "gpt-oss-120b",
       "needed_gb": 70.5
      }
     ],
     "usable_gb": 12
    },
    {
     "ram_gb": 32,
     "rows": [
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-2-3b",
       "needed_gb": 5,
       "speed": [
        24,
        44
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6,
       "speed": [
        19,
        35
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gemma3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6.7,
       "speed": [
        14,
        27
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "mistral-7b",
       "needed_gb": 7.8,
       "speed": [
        11,
        20
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Moderate or Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-1-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.3,
       "speed": [
        9.6,
        18
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Moderate or Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.9,
       "speed": [
        9.1,
        17
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Moderate or Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gemma3-12b",
       "needed_gb": 15.9,
       "speed": [
        5.8,
        11
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Moderate",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "deepseek-r1-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.7,
       "speed": [
        5.2,
        9.8
       ],
       "thinking": "yes"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Moderate",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "phi4-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.9,
       "speed": [
        5.2,
        9.6
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Moderate",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.4,
       "speed": [
        5.1,
        9.4
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gpt-oss-20b",
       "needed_gb": 16.5,
       "speed": [
        12,
        22
       ],
       "thinking": "yes"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Slow or Moderate",
       "fit": "Tight",
       "model": "gemma3-27b",
       "needed_gb": 27.2,
       "speed": [
        2.8,
        5.2
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-30b",
       "needed_gb": 22.6,
       "speed": [
        14,
        26
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Slow",
       "fit": "Tight",
       "model": "qwen3-32b",
       "needed_gb": 26.3,
       "speed": [
        2.4,
        4.4
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "llama-3-1-70b",
       "needed_gb": 51.5
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "gpt-oss-120b",
       "needed_gb": 70.5
      }
     ],
     "usable_gb": 28
    },
    {
     "ram_gb": 64,
     "rows": [
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-2-3b",
       "needed_gb": 5,
       "speed": [
        24,
        44
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6,
       "speed": [
        19,
        35
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gemma3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6.7,
       "speed": [
        14,
        27
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "mistral-7b",
       "needed_gb": 7.8,
       "speed": [
        11,
        20
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Moderate or Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-1-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.3,
       "speed": [
        9.6,
        18
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Moderate or Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.9,
       "speed": [
        9.1,
        17
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Moderate or Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gemma3-12b",
       "needed_gb": 15.9,
       "speed": [
        5.8,
        11
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Moderate",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "deepseek-r1-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.7,
       "speed": [
        5.2,
        9.8
       ],
       "thinking": "yes"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Moderate",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "phi4-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.9,
       "speed": [
        5.2,
        9.6
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Moderate",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.4,
       "speed": [
        5.1,
        9.4
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gpt-oss-20b",
       "needed_gb": 16.5,
       "speed": [
        12,
        22
       ],
       "thinking": "yes"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Slow or Moderate",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gemma3-27b",
       "needed_gb": 27.2,
       "speed": [
        2.8,
        5.2
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-30b",
       "needed_gb": 22.6,
       "speed": [
        14,
        26
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Slow",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-32b",
       "needed_gb": 26.3,
       "speed": [
        2.4,
        4.4
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Slow",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-1-70b",
       "needed_gb": 51.5,
       "speed": [
        1.1,
        2
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "gpt-oss-120b",
       "needed_gb": 70.5
      }
     ],
     "usable_gb": 60
    }
   ],
   "os": "Windows 11",
   "ram_type": "LPDDR5x-8448 soldered",
   "source_urls": [
    "https://psref.lenovo.com/syspool/Sys/PDF/ThinkPad/ThinkPad_T14s_Gen_6_Qualcomm/ThinkPad_T14s_Gen_6_Qualcomm_Spec.pdf",
    "https://www.qualcomm.com/content/dam/qcomm-martech/dm-assets/documents/Product-Brief-Snapdragon-X-Elite.pdf"
   ],
   "url": "/finder/lenovo-thinkpad-t14s-gen6-snapdragon/",
   "vram_gb": null,
   "year": null
  },
  {
   "bandwidth_gbs": null,
   "brand": "Lenovo",
   "category": "business",
   "chip": "Intel Core Ultra 5 or 7 (Series 2)",
   "cpu": "Intel Core Ultra 5 or 7 (V, U or H series)",
   "gpu": "Intel Arc (integrated)",
   "gpu_type": "integrated",
   "id": "lenovo-thinkpad-x1-carbon-gen13",
   "max_ram_gb": 64,
   "model": "ThinkPad X1 Carbon Gen 13",
   "name": "Lenovo ThinkPad X1 Carbon Gen 13",
   "notes": "PSREF lists 16, 32 and 64GB soldered memory. Intel does not publish a bandwidth figure on its product pages, so it is left empty.",
   "options": [
    {
     "ram_gb": 16,
     "rows": [
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Not known",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-2-3b",
       "needed_gb": 5,
       "note": "Speed is not known: no sourced memory bandwidth for this laptop."
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Not known",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6,
       "note": "Speed is not known: no sourced memory bandwidth for this laptop.",
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Not known",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gemma3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6.7,
       "note": "Speed is not known: no sourced memory bandwidth for this laptop."
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Not known",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "mistral-7b",
       "needed_gb": 7.8,
       "note": "Speed is not known: no sourced memory bandwidth for this laptop."
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Not known",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-1-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.3,
       "note": "Speed is not known: no sourced memory bandwidth for this laptop."
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Not known",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.9,
       "note": "Speed is not known: no sourced memory bandwidth for this laptop.",
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "gemma3-12b",
       "needed_gb": 15.9
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "deepseek-r1-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.7
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "phi4-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.9
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "qwen3-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.4
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "gpt-oss-20b",
       "needed_gb": 16.5
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "gemma3-27b",
       "needed_gb": 27.2
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "qwen3-30b",
       "needed_gb": 22.6
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "qwen3-32b",
       "needed_gb": 26.3
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "llama-3-1-70b",
       "needed_gb": 51.5
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "gpt-oss-120b",
       "needed_gb": 70.5
      }
     ],
     "usable_gb": 12
    },
    {
     "ram_gb": 32,
     "rows": [
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Not known",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-2-3b",
       "needed_gb": 5,
       "note": "Speed is not known: no sourced memory bandwidth for this laptop."
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Not known",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6,
       "note": "Speed is not known: no sourced memory bandwidth for this laptop.",
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Not known",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gemma3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6.7,
       "note": "Speed is not known: no sourced memory bandwidth for this laptop."
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Not known",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "mistral-7b",
       "needed_gb": 7.8,
       "note": "Speed is not known: no sourced memory bandwidth for this laptop."
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Not known",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-1-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.3,
       "note": "Speed is not known: no sourced memory bandwidth for this laptop."
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Not known",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.9,
       "note": "Speed is not known: no sourced memory bandwidth for this laptop.",
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Not known",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gemma3-12b",
       "needed_gb": 15.9,
       "note": "Speed is not known: no sourced memory bandwidth for this laptop."
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Not known",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "deepseek-r1-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.7,
       "note": "Speed is not known: no sourced memory bandwidth for this laptop.",
       "thinking": "yes"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Not known",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "phi4-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.9,
       "note": "Speed is not known: no sourced memory bandwidth for this laptop."
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Not known",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.4,
       "note": "Speed is not known: no sourced memory bandwidth for this laptop.",
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Not known",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gpt-oss-20b",
       "needed_gb": 16.5,
       "note": "Speed is not known: no sourced memory bandwidth for this laptop.",
       "thinking": "yes"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Not known",
       "fit": "Tight",
       "model": "gemma3-27b",
       "needed_gb": 27.2,
       "note": "Speed is not known: no sourced memory bandwidth for this laptop."
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Not known",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-30b",
       "needed_gb": 22.6,
       "note": "Speed is not known: no sourced memory bandwidth for this laptop.",
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Not known",
       "fit": "Tight",
       "model": "qwen3-32b",
       "needed_gb": 26.3,
       "note": "Speed is not known: no sourced memory bandwidth for this laptop.",
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "llama-3-1-70b",
       "needed_gb": 51.5
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "gpt-oss-120b",
       "needed_gb": 70.5
      }
     ],
     "usable_gb": 28
    },
    {
     "ram_gb": 64,
     "rows": [
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Not known",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-2-3b",
       "needed_gb": 5,
       "note": "Speed is not known: no sourced memory bandwidth for this laptop."
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Not known",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6,
       "note": "Speed is not known: no sourced memory bandwidth for this laptop.",
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Not known",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gemma3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6.7,
       "note": "Speed is not known: no sourced memory bandwidth for this laptop."
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Not known",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "mistral-7b",
       "needed_gb": 7.8,
       "note": "Speed is not known: no sourced memory bandwidth for this laptop."
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Not known",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-1-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.3,
       "note": "Speed is not known: no sourced memory bandwidth for this laptop."
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Not known",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.9,
       "note": "Speed is not known: no sourced memory bandwidth for this laptop.",
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Not known",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gemma3-12b",
       "needed_gb": 15.9,
       "note": "Speed is not known: no sourced memory bandwidth for this laptop."
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Not known",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "deepseek-r1-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.7,
       "note": "Speed is not known: no sourced memory bandwidth for this laptop.",
       "thinking": "yes"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Not known",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "phi4-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.9,
       "note": "Speed is not known: no sourced memory bandwidth for this laptop."
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Not known",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.4,
       "note": "Speed is not known: no sourced memory bandwidth for this laptop.",
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Not known",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gpt-oss-20b",
       "needed_gb": 16.5,
       "note": "Speed is not known: no sourced memory bandwidth for this laptop.",
       "thinking": "yes"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Not known",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gemma3-27b",
       "needed_gb": 27.2,
       "note": "Speed is not known: no sourced memory bandwidth for this laptop."
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Not known",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-30b",
       "needed_gb": 22.6,
       "note": "Speed is not known: no sourced memory bandwidth for this laptop.",
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Not known",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-32b",
       "needed_gb": 26.3,
       "note": "Speed is not known: no sourced memory bandwidth for this laptop.",
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Not known",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-1-70b",
       "needed_gb": 51.5,
       "note": "Speed is not known: no sourced memory bandwidth for this laptop."
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "gpt-oss-120b",
       "needed_gb": 70.5
      }
     ],
     "usable_gb": 60
    }
   ],
   "os": "Windows 11",
   "ram_type": "LPDDR5X soldered",
   "source_urls": [
    "https://psref.lenovo.com/syspool/Sys/PDF/ThinkPad/ThinkPad_X1_Carbon_Gen_13/ThinkPad_X1_Carbon_Gen_13_Spec.pdf"
   ],
   "url": "/finder/lenovo-thinkpad-x1-carbon-gen13/",
   "vram_gb": null,
   "year": null
  },
  {
   "bandwidth_gbs": 135,
   "brand": "Microsoft",
   "category": "copilot-pc",
   "chip": "Snapdragon X Plus or X Elite",
   "cpu": "Snapdragon X Plus X1P64100 or X Elite X1E80100",
   "gpu": "Qualcomm Adreno",
   "gpu_type": "integrated",
   "id": "microsoft-surface-laptop-7th-edition-snapdragon",
   "max_ram_gb": 32,
   "model": "Surface Laptop 7th Edition (13.8 and 15-inch)",
   "name": "Microsoft Surface Laptop 7th Edition (13.8 and 15-inch)",
   "notes": "The May 2024 fact sheet lists 16GB and 32GB LPDDR5x. Bandwidth is Qualcomm's figure for the Snapdragon X Elite and X Plus families.",
   "options": [
    {
     "ram_gb": 16,
     "rows": [
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-2-3b",
       "needed_gb": 5,
       "speed": [
        24,
        44
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6,
       "speed": [
        19,
        35
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gemma3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6.7,
       "speed": [
        14,
        27
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "mistral-7b",
       "needed_gb": 7.8,
       "speed": [
        11,
        20
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Moderate or Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-1-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.3,
       "speed": [
        9.6,
        18
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Moderate or Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.9,
       "speed": [
        9.1,
        17
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "gemma3-12b",
       "needed_gb": 15.9
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "deepseek-r1-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.7
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "phi4-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.9
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "qwen3-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.4
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "gpt-oss-20b",
       "needed_gb": 16.5
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "gemma3-27b",
       "needed_gb": 27.2
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "qwen3-30b",
       "needed_gb": 22.6
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "qwen3-32b",
       "needed_gb": 26.3
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "llama-3-1-70b",
       "needed_gb": 51.5
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "gpt-oss-120b",
       "needed_gb": 70.5
      }
     ],
     "usable_gb": 12
    },
    {
     "ram_gb": 32,
     "rows": [
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-2-3b",
       "needed_gb": 5,
       "speed": [
        24,
        44
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6,
       "speed": [
        19,
        35
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gemma3-4b",
       "needed_gb": 6.7,
       "speed": [
        14,
        27
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "mistral-7b",
       "needed_gb": 7.8,
       "speed": [
        11,
        20
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Moderate or Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "llama-3-1-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.3,
       "speed": [
        9.6,
        18
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Moderate or Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-8b",
       "needed_gb": 8.9,
       "speed": [
        9.1,
        17
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Moderate or Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gemma3-12b",
       "needed_gb": 15.9,
       "speed": [
        5.8,
        11
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Moderate",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "deepseek-r1-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.7,
       "speed": [
        5.2,
        9.8
       ],
       "thinking": "yes"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Moderate",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "phi4-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.9,
       "speed": [
        5.2,
        9.6
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Moderate",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-14b",
       "needed_gb": 13.4,
       "speed": [
        5.1,
        9.4
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "gpt-oss-20b",
       "needed_gb": 16.5,
       "speed": [
        12,
        22
       ],
       "thinking": "yes"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Unclear",
       "band_detail": "could be Slow or Moderate",
       "fit": "Tight",
       "model": "gemma3-27b",
       "needed_gb": 27.2,
       "speed": [
        2.8,
        5.2
       ]
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Fast",
       "fit": "Fits",
       "model": "qwen3-30b",
       "needed_gb": 22.6,
       "speed": [
        14,
        26
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "band": "Slow",
       "fit": "Tight",
       "model": "qwen3-32b",
       "needed_gb": 26.3,
       "speed": [
        2.4,
        4.4
       ],
       "thinking": "optional"
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "llama-3-1-70b",
       "needed_gb": 51.5
      },
      {
       "badge": "Estimated",
       "fit": "Won't fit",
       "model": "gpt-oss-120b",
       "needed_gb": 70.5
      }
     ],
     "usable_gb": 28
    }
   ],
   "os": "Windows 11",
   "ram_type": "LPDDR5x",
   "source_urls": [
    "https://www.microsoft.com/content/dam/microsoft/final/en-us/microsoft-product-and-services/surface/surface-laptop/surface-laptop-7th-edition/MSFT-Microsoft-Surface-Laptop-7th-Edition-Fact-Sheet.pdf",
    "https://www.qualcomm.com/content/dam/qcomm-martech/dm-assets/documents/Product-Brief-Snapdragon-X-Elite.pdf",
    "https://www.qualcomm.com/content/dam/qcomm-martech/dm-assets/documents/Snapdragon-X-Plus-8-Core-Product-Brief.pdf"
   ],
   "url": "/finder/microsoft-surface-laptop-7th-edition-snapdragon/",
   "vram_gb": null,
   "year": 2024
  }
 ],
 "license": "CC BY 4.0",
 "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
 "models": [
  {
   "active_params_b": 3.2,
   "family": "Llama",
   "file_gb": 2,
   "id": "llama-3-2-3b",
   "kv_gb": 1.88,
   "license": "Llama 3.2 Community License",
   "name": "Llama 3.2 3B",
   "notes": "kv_gb_16k = 2 (K and V) x 28 layers x 8 KV heads x 128 head dim x 2 bytes (fp16) x 16384 tokens / 1e9 = 1.88 GB; architecture from the model config on Hugging Face (full attention on every layer assumed). Config read from the unsloth mirror because Meta's repository is gated.",
   "ollama_tag": "llama3.2:3b",
   "params_b": 3.2,
   "quality": null,
   "source_urls": [
    "https://ollama.com/library/llama3.2:3b",
    "https://huggingface.co/unsloth/Llama-3.2-3B/raw/main/config.json"
   ],
   "thinking": "no"
  },
  {
   "active_params_b": 4,
   "family": "Qwen3",
   "file_gb": 2.5,
   "id": "qwen3-4b",
   "kv_gb": 2.42,
   "license": "Apache-2.0",
   "name": "Qwen3 4B",
   "notes": "kv_gb_16k = 2 (K and V) x 36 layers x 8 KV heads x 128 head dim x 2 bytes (fp16) x 16384 tokens / 1e9 = 2.42 GB; architecture from the model config on Hugging Face (full attention on every layer assumed). Thinking mode can be switched on or off.",
   "ollama_tag": "qwen3:4b",
   "params_b": 4,
   "quality": null,
   "source_urls": [
    "https://ollama.com/library/qwen3:4b",
    "https://huggingface.co/Qwen/Qwen3-4B/raw/main/config.json"
   ],
   "thinking": "optional"
  },
  {
   "active_params_b": 4.3,
   "family": "Gemma",
   "file_gb": 3.3,
   "id": "gemma3-4b",
   "kv_gb": 2.28,
   "license": "Gemma Terms of Use",
   "name": "Gemma 3 4B",
   "notes": "kv_gb_16k = 2 (K and V) x 34 layers x 4 KV heads x 256 head dim x 2 bytes (fp16) x 16384 tokens / 1e9 = 2.28 GB; architecture from the model config on Hugging Face (full attention on every layer assumed). Upper bound: most Gemma 3 layers use a 1024-token sliding window, so real KV use can be lower. Parameter count includes the vision encoder. Config read from the unsloth mirror because Google's repository is gated.",
   "ollama_tag": "gemma3:4b",
   "params_b": 4.3,
   "quality": null,
   "source_urls": [
    "https://ollama.com/library/gemma3:4b",
    "https://huggingface.co/unsloth/gemma-3-4b-it/raw/main/config.json"
   ],
   "thinking": "no"
  },
  {
   "active_params_b": 7.2,
   "family": "Mistral",
   "file_gb": 4.4,
   "id": "mistral-7b",
   "kv_gb": 2.15,
   "license": "Apache-2.0",
   "name": "Mistral 7B v0.3",
   "notes": "kv_gb_16k = 2 (K and V) x 32 layers x 8 KV heads x 128 head dim x 2 bytes (fp16) x 16384 tokens / 1e9 = 2.15 GB; architecture from the model config on Hugging Face (full attention on every layer assumed). Head dim 128 = hidden size 4096 / 32 attention heads (not stated in the config).",
   "ollama_tag": "mistral:7b",
   "params_b": 7.2,
   "quality": null,
   "source_urls": [
    "https://ollama.com/library/mistral:7b",
    "https://huggingface.co/mistralai/Mistral-7B-Instruct-v0.3/raw/main/config.json"
   ],
   "thinking": "no"
  },
  {
   "active_params_b": 8,
   "family": "Llama",
   "file_gb": 4.9,
   "id": "llama-3-1-8b",
   "kv_gb": 2.15,
   "license": "Llama 3.1 Community License",
   "name": "Llama 3.1 8B",
   "notes": "kv_gb_16k = 2 (K and V) x 32 layers x 8 KV heads x 128 head dim x 2 bytes (fp16) x 16384 tokens / 1e9 = 2.15 GB; architecture from the model config on Hugging Face (full attention on every layer assumed). Config read from the unsloth mirror because Meta's repository is gated.",
   "ollama_tag": "llama3.1:8b",
   "params_b": 8,
   "quality": null,
   "source_urls": [
    "https://ollama.com/library/llama3.1:8b",
    "https://huggingface.co/unsloth/Meta-Llama-3.1-8B/raw/main/config.json"
   ],
   "thinking": "no"
  },
  {
   "active_params_b": 8.2,
   "family": "Qwen3",
   "file_gb": 5.2,
   "id": "qwen3-8b",
   "kv_gb": 2.42,
   "license": "Apache-2.0",
   "name": "Qwen3 8B",
   "notes": "kv_gb_16k = 2 (K and V) x 36 layers x 8 KV heads x 128 head dim x 2 bytes (fp16) x 16384 tokens / 1e9 = 2.42 GB; architecture from the model config on Hugging Face (full attention on every layer assumed). Thinking mode can be switched on or off (model card).",
   "ollama_tag": "qwen3:8b",
   "params_b": 8.2,
   "quality": null,
   "source_urls": [
    "https://ollama.com/library/qwen3:8b",
    "https://huggingface.co/Qwen/Qwen3-8B/raw/main/config.json",
    "https://huggingface.co/Qwen/Qwen3-8B"
   ],
   "thinking": "optional"
  },
  {
   "active_params_b": 12.2,
   "family": "Gemma",
   "file_gb": 8.1,
   "id": "gemma3-12b",
   "kv_gb": 6.44,
   "license": "Gemma Terms of Use",
   "name": "Gemma 3 12B",
   "notes": "kv_gb_16k = 2 (K and V) x 48 layers x 8 KV heads x 256 head dim x 2 bytes (fp16) x 16384 tokens / 1e9 = 6.44 GB; architecture from the model config on Hugging Face (full attention on every layer assumed). Upper bound: most layers use a 1024-token sliding window (pattern 6), so real KV use can be lower. Config read from the unsloth mirror because Google's repository is gated.",
   "ollama_tag": "gemma3:12b",
   "params_b": 12.2,
   "quality": null,
   "source_urls": [
    "https://ollama.com/library/gemma3:12b",
    "https://huggingface.co/unsloth/gemma-3-12b-it/raw/main/config.json"
   ],
   "thinking": "no"
  },
  {
   "active_params_b": 14.8,
   "family": "DeepSeek-R1",
   "file_gb": 9,
   "id": "deepseek-r1-14b",
   "kv_gb": 3.22,
   "license": "MIT",
   "name": "DeepSeek-R1 Distill Qwen 14B",
   "notes": "kv_gb_16k = 2 (K and V) x 48 layers x 8 KV heads x 128 head dim x 2 bytes (fp16) x 16384 tokens / 1e9 = 3.22 GB; architecture from the model config on Hugging Face (full attention on every layer assumed). Distilled onto a Qwen2.5 base. Head dim 128 = hidden size 5120 / 40 attention heads (not stated in the config).",
   "ollama_tag": "deepseek-r1:14b",
   "params_b": 14.8,
   "quality": null,
   "source_urls": [
    "https://ollama.com/library/deepseek-r1:14b",
    "https://huggingface.co/deepseek-ai/DeepSeek-R1-Distill-Qwen-14B/raw/main/config.json"
   ],
   "thinking": "yes"
  },
  {
   "active_params_b": 14.7,
   "family": "Phi",
   "file_gb": 9.1,
   "id": "phi4-14b",
   "kv_gb": 3.36,
   "license": "MIT",
   "name": "Phi-4 14B",
   "notes": "kv_gb_16k = 2 (K and V) x 40 layers x 10 KV heads x 128 head dim x 2 bytes (fp16) x 16384 tokens / 1e9 = 3.36 GB; architecture from the model config on Hugging Face (full attention on every layer assumed). Head dim 128 = hidden size 5120 / 40 attention heads (not stated in the config).",
   "ollama_tag": "phi4:14b",
   "params_b": 14.7,
   "quality": null,
   "source_urls": [
    "https://ollama.com/library/phi4:14b",
    "https://huggingface.co/microsoft/phi-4/raw/main/config.json"
   ],
   "thinking": "no"
  },
  {
   "active_params_b": 14.8,
   "family": "Qwen3",
   "file_gb": 9.3,
   "id": "qwen3-14b",
   "kv_gb": 2.68,
   "license": "Apache-2.0",
   "name": "Qwen3 14B",
   "notes": "kv_gb_16k = 2 (K and V) x 40 layers x 8 KV heads x 128 head dim x 2 bytes (fp16) x 16384 tokens / 1e9 = 2.68 GB; architecture from the model config on Hugging Face (full attention on every layer assumed). Thinking mode can be switched on or off.",
   "ollama_tag": "qwen3:14b",
   "params_b": 14.8,
   "quality": null,
   "source_urls": [
    "https://ollama.com/library/qwen3:14b",
    "https://huggingface.co/Qwen/Qwen3-14B/raw/main/config.json"
   ],
   "thinking": "optional"
  },
  {
   "active_params_b": 3.6,
   "family": "gpt-oss",
   "file_gb": 14,
   "id": "gpt-oss-20b",
   "kv_gb": 0.81,
   "license": "Apache-2.0",
   "name": "gpt-oss 20B",
   "notes": "kv_gb_16k = 2 (K and V) x 24 layers x 8 KV heads x 64 head dim x 2 bytes (fp16) x 16384 tokens / 1e9 = 0.81 GB; architecture from the model config on Hugging Face (full attention on every layer assumed). Mixture of experts, 32 experts, 4 active, 3.6B active parameters (model card). The Ollama file is MXFP4, not Q4_K_M. Upper bound: alternate layers use a 128-token sliding window. Reasoning level low, medium or high.",
   "ollama_tag": "gpt-oss:20b",
   "params_b": 20.9,
   "quality": null,
   "source_urls": [
    "https://ollama.com/library/gpt-oss:20b",
    "https://huggingface.co/openai/gpt-oss-20b",
    "https://huggingface.co/openai/gpt-oss-20b/raw/main/config.json"
   ],
   "thinking": "yes"
  },
  {
   "active_params_b": 27.4,
   "family": "Gemma",
   "file_gb": 17,
   "id": "gemma3-27b",
   "kv_gb": 8.32,
   "license": "Gemma Terms of Use",
   "name": "Gemma 3 27B",
   "notes": "kv_gb_16k = 2 (K and V) x 62 layers x 16 KV heads x 128 head dim x 2 bytes (fp16) x 16384 tokens / 1e9 = 8.32 GB; architecture from the model config on Hugging Face (full attention on every layer assumed). Upper bound: most layers use a sliding window, so real KV use can be lower. Config read from the unsloth mirror because Google's repository is gated.",
   "ollama_tag": "gemma3:27b",
   "params_b": 27.4,
   "quality": null,
   "source_urls": [
    "https://ollama.com/library/gemma3:27b",
    "https://huggingface.co/unsloth/gemma-3-27b-it/raw/main/config.json"
   ],
   "thinking": "no"
  },
  {
   "active_params_b": 3.3,
   "family": "Qwen3",
   "file_gb": 19,
   "id": "qwen3-30b",
   "kv_gb": 1.61,
   "license": "Apache-2.0",
   "name": "Qwen3 30B (A3B)",
   "notes": "kv_gb_16k = 2 (K and V) x 48 layers x 4 KV heads x 128 head dim x 2 bytes (fp16) x 16384 tokens / 1e9 = 1.61 GB; architecture from the model config on Hugging Face (full attention on every layer assumed). Mixture of experts: 128 experts, 8 active, 3.3B parameters active per token (model card). Measured in the Findra benchmark.",
   "ollama_tag": "qwen3:30b",
   "params_b": 30.5,
   "quality": {
    "out_of": 10,
    "score": 9.3,
    "scorecards": [
     "macbook-pro-apple-m1-max-64-gb"
    ]
   },
   "source_urls": [
    "https://ollama.com/library/qwen3:30b",
    "https://huggingface.co/Qwen/Qwen3-30B-A3B",
    "https://huggingface.co/Qwen/Qwen3-30B-A3B/raw/main/config.json"
   ],
   "thinking": "optional"
  },
  {
   "active_params_b": 32.8,
   "family": "Qwen3",
   "file_gb": 20,
   "id": "qwen3-32b",
   "kv_gb": 4.29,
   "license": "Apache-2.0",
   "name": "Qwen3 32B",
   "notes": "kv_gb_16k = 2 (K and V) x 64 layers x 8 KV heads x 128 head dim x 2 bytes (fp16) x 16384 tokens / 1e9 = 4.29 GB; architecture from the model config on Hugging Face (full attention on every layer assumed). Thinking mode can be switched on or off.",
   "ollama_tag": "qwen3:32b",
   "params_b": 32.8,
   "quality": null,
   "source_urls": [
    "https://ollama.com/library/qwen3:32b",
    "https://huggingface.co/Qwen/Qwen3-32B/raw/main/config.json"
   ],
   "thinking": "optional"
  },
  {
   "active_params_b": 70.6,
   "family": "Llama",
   "file_gb": 43,
   "id": "llama-3-1-70b",
   "kv_gb": 5.37,
   "license": "Llama 3.1 Community License",
   "name": "Llama 3.1 70B",
   "notes": "kv_gb_16k = 2 (K and V) x 80 layers x 8 KV heads x 128 head dim x 2 bytes (fp16) x 16384 tokens / 1e9 = 5.37 GB; architecture from the model config on Hugging Face (full attention on every layer assumed). Head dim 128 = hidden size 8192 / 64 attention heads (not stated in the config). Config read from the unsloth mirror because Meta's repository is gated.",
   "ollama_tag": "llama3.1:70b",
   "params_b": 70.6,
   "quality": null,
   "source_urls": [
    "https://ollama.com/library/llama3.1:70b",
    "https://huggingface.co/unsloth/Meta-Llama-3.1-70B/raw/main/config.json"
   ],
   "thinking": "no"
  },
  {
   "active_params_b": 5.1,
   "family": "gpt-oss",
   "file_gb": 65,
   "id": "gpt-oss-120b",
   "kv_gb": 1.21,
   "license": "Apache-2.0",
   "name": "gpt-oss 120B",
   "notes": "kv_gb_16k = 2 (K and V) x 36 layers x 8 KV heads x 64 head dim x 2 bytes (fp16) x 16384 tokens / 1e9 = 1.21 GB; architecture from the model config on Hugging Face (full attention on every layer assumed). Mixture of experts, 128 experts, 4 active, 5.1B active parameters (model card). The Ollama file is MXFP4, not Q4_K_M. Upper bound: alternate layers use a 128-token sliding window. Reasoning level low, medium or high.",
   "ollama_tag": "gpt-oss:120b",
   "params_b": 117,
   "quality": null,
   "source_urls": [
    "https://ollama.com/library/gpt-oss:120b",
    "https://huggingface.co/openai/gpt-oss-120b",
    "https://huggingface.co/openai/gpt-oss-120b/raw/main/config.json"
   ],
   "thinking": "yes"
  }
 ],
 "notes": {
  "thinking_optional": "This model can reason before it answers. With reasoning on, a job takes longer than the speed alone suggests.",
  "thinking_yes": "This model writes out its reasoning before it answers, so a job takes longer than the speed alone suggests."
 },
 "version": 1
}